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Progress in Chemistry 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (5): 604-616 DOI: 10.7536/PC190905 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

New Ionization Technology for Interface of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Tian Tian1, Fang Zhang1,**(), Shusheng Zhang1, Chenguo Feng1, Yue Su2,**(), Guoqiang Lin1,3   

  1. 1.The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
    2.Center for Chinese Medicine Therappy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
    3.Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Fang Zhang, Yue Su
  • About author:
    ** e-mail: (Fang Zhang);
    (Yue Su)
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(21672249)
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Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) combines the high separation efficiency of chromatography with the powerful structural determination of mass spectrometry, which not only enables more accurate analysis for the compounds, but also simplifies the pre-treatment of samples and makes the analysis more convenient. LC-MS, as an important tool for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic compounds, has been widely used in various fields such as pharmaceutical analysis, food and environmental monitoring, biological and medical research etc. As the key component of LC-MS, the role of the interface is to introduce and ionize the fractions from LC, and transfer the generated ions into the MS. Therefore, the improvement of ionization technology for the interface directly affects the advance and application of LC-MS. In order to obtain a higher sensitivity and a wider range of applicability, researchers have focused on the ionization technology to promote the desorption of chemicals, improve their ionization and transport efficiency, and reduce the interference of matrix effect. In this work, the development of traditional ionization technologies and the novel technologies reported for the interface of LC-MS in recent years are reviewed, including the ionization principle, interface construction, influencing factors, and the related applications. Their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages are discussed in details. Finally, the trend of ionization technology in development for the interface of LC-MS is prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Interface ionization technologies in LC-MS

2.1 Electrospray ionization-related techniques

2.2 Plasma-based ionization

2.3 Inlet ionization

2.4 Carbonfiber ionization

2.5 Capillary photoionization

2.6 Capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization

2.7 Liquid electron ionization

2.8 Other ionization techniques

3 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: LC-MS, interface, ionization
Fig. 1 Glass capillaries for the nESI source[5]
Fig. 2 Literature statistics of LC-nESI MS in 2010~2019
Fig. 3 (a) Photographic image of SAESI apparatus;(b) schematic of SAESI device[4]
Fig. 4 Schematic of DART device[15]
Fig. 5 (a) Schematic of DBDI device;(b) schematic diagram of DBDI interface in LC-MS[23]
Fig. 6 (a) Schematic of SAII device[31];(b) schematic of ESII device[37]
Fig. 7 (a) Schematic of CF emitter[38];(b) schematic of CFI device[40]
Fig. 8 Schematic of CPI device[45]
Fig. 9 Schematic of cVSSI device
Fig. 10 Schematic of LEI device[54]
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