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Progress in Chemistry 2019, Vol. 31 Issue (10): 1396-1405 DOI: 10.7536/PC190323 Previous Articles   Next Articles

Template Preparation and Application in Biological Detection of Porous Noble Metal Nanostructures

Chang Liu, Feng Wu, Qianqian Su, Weiping Qian**()   

  1. School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
  • Received: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Weiping Qian
  • About author:
    ** E-mail:
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFE0100200); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21775020)
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Porous noble metal nanostructures are a class of new-type multi-functional nanostructures, which have unique optical, electrical and catalytic properties, due to their unique interior, porous walls and adjustable morphology. How to regulate the size, morphology, arrangement and spatial orientation of porous noble metal nanomaterials is critical for their applications in Raman spectroscopy, biosensing, etc. Some novel porous nanostructures, which are difficult to prepare by other methods, can be obtained easily by template methods. The synthesis of products can be guided by the pre-structures which match the nanoscale characteristics of target products. Based on the diversity of templates, the pore diameter, size and composition of porous noble metal nanostructures can be conveniently adjusted to fully develop the advantages of noble metals. In this review, we summarize a series of template methods for the synthesis of porous noble metal nanostructures, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. Furthermore, the applications of porous noble metal nanostructures in biological detection fields are also briefly discussed.

Key words: porous noble metal, nanostructures, template method, bio-sensing, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Fig. 1 SEM images of several ordered porous noble metal nanostructures:(a) Au nanohole arrays[12],(b) ordered porous Au nanostructures[13],(c) Ag/Pt nanohole arrays[14], and (d) ordered Au nanoarrays[15]
Fig. 2 TEM images of several unordered porous noble metal nanostructures[19]
Fig. 3 (a) Synthesis procedure and structural model for mesoporous double gyroid(DG) platinum,(b,c) SEM images of DG platinum,(d) TEM image of DG platinum[33]
Fig. 4 (a) Synthesis procedure of ordered porous Ag “brochosomal”,(b) SEM image of MCC template,(c) SEM image of DCC template,(d) SEM image of Ag “brochosomal”[34]
Fig. 5 (a) Synthesis procedure of ordered porous PS/Au nanostructures,(b) SEM image of ordered porous PS/Au nanostructure[35]
Fig. 6 (a~c) TEM images of 3D porous Au nanobelts,(d) TEM image of the cross-section of a 3D Au nanobelt,(e,f) schematically illustrations of the cross-section and the 3D structure of these Au NDs, respectively[39]
Fig. 7 Synthesis procedure of 3D porous Ag based on butterfly wing scales[42]
Fig. 8 (a~f) Synthesis procedure of 3D porous templates based on cuttlebone, and(g) Photos of 3D porous Au nanostructures[44]
Fig. 9 Schematic of mechanisms of the Kirkendall effect[45]
Fig. 10 Various porous noble metal nanostructures based on Kirkendall effect[46]
Fig. 11 (a)SEM image of Cu2O Octahedrons,(b) SEM images of octahedral PtCu meso-nanocages,(c~e) TEM images of octahedral PtCu meso-nanocages,(f,g) element mapping of octahedral PtCu meso-nanocages[50]
Fig. 12 SEM images of the products obtained by the first and the second deposition at the current of 10 mA for 5 min in air at room temperature, respectively:(a) Cu-Ni dendrites and (b~d) Cu-Ni-Pt dendrites[51]
Fig. 13 (a) Synthesis procedure of 3D ordered porous Au nanostructures,(b) Normalized electric field(E-field) amplitude distribution at the surface,(c) Raman intensities at different peaks and the simulated EM enhancement factors[58]
Fig. 14 Schematic illustration of the SERS immunoprobe fabrication procedure[60]
Fig. 15 Detection of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) based on gold nanobowl array-based SERS substrate[61]
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