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中国制氢技术的发展现状
曹军文, 张文强, 李一枫, 赵晨欢, 郑云, 于波
化学进展, 2021, 33(12): 2215-2244.   DOI: 10.7536/PC201128

Hydrogen production process Raw material Technology maturity Energy conversion efficiency (%) Cost
(/Yuan·kg-1)		 CO2 emission (kg CO2/kg H2)
Fossil fuel
reforming		 Coal gasification Coal Mature ~47[62] 6~10[10] 11~25[10]
Coal gasification +CCS Coal Completing pilot scale test - 12~16[10] 2~7[10]
Coal supercritical water gasification Coal, water Completing pilot scale test ~60a[31] ~8[36] ~0[10]
SMR methane Mature - 9~18[10] 8~16[10]
Industrial by-product of hydrogen Industrial exhaust Mature - 10~16[10] -
Electrolysis of
water		 Grid electricity/AEC Water Mature ~25[133] 30~40[10] ~45[10]
Renewable energy sources electrolyze water AEC Water Mature ~25[133] 18~23[10] 1~3[10]
PEMEC Water Relatively mature, Early industrialization ~35[133] ≤62[191] 1~3[10]
SOEC Water demonstration works 52 ~ 59[133] - 1~3[10]
Abandoned electric from Renewable energy sources electrolyzes water Water Demonstration stage - ~10[10] 1~3[10]
Other new
technologies for hydrogen production		 Solar energy photolysis water Water Laboratory stage <10[182] - ~0[10]
Biomass fermentation Biomass Demonstration stage 10~40[188]b - ~0[10]
Biomass gasification Biomass Mature 35~50[197] ~16[191] 0.4~5.6[198]
Thermochemical cycle Water Laboratory stage ~38[198] ~18[191] 0.3~0.86[198]
表9 主要制氢工艺的基本信息比较
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