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木质素:一种有潜力的生物质基催化剂来源
陈祥云, 袁冰, 于凤丽, 解从霞, 于世涛
化学进展, 2021, 33(2): 303-317.   DOI: 10.7536/PC200524

Raw
materials 		Synthesis conditions BET surface
area, m2·g-1 		Acid density, mmol·g-1 Reactions ref
Total acid —SO3H —COOH —OH
Enzymatic hydrolyzed residues(EHR) Pyrolysis carbonization:
N2, 400 ℃, 2 h
Sulfonation: H2SO4, 150 ℃, 10 h 		1.88 4.62 0.62 - - Transformation of cellulose into nanofibers and platform chemicals 66
Residual lignin Sulfonation: N2, H2SO4,
150 ℃, 1 h 		4.7 1.71 0.68 - - Esterification of
acidified soybean soapstocks 		67
SLS Sulfonation: H2SO4,
150~175 ℃, 0.5 h
(Sulfonation: 20% fuming H2SO4, 150~175 ℃, 12 h) 		3.19
(2.18) 		4.64
(5.90) 		0.96
(1.24) 		3.36
(3.66) 		0.92
(1.04) 		Esterification of
cyclohexanecarboxylic acid with anhydrous ethanol 		68
SLS Pyrolysis carbonization:
N2, 250 ℃, 6 h
Sulfonation: H2SO4, 130 ℃, 10 h
Oxidation: H2O2, 50 ℃, 1.5 h 		- 4.78 0.68 - - Hydrolysis of
hemicellulose in
corncob 		69
AL Pyrolysis carbonization:
Ar, 450 ℃, 1 h 		- 0.13 0.08 0.02 0.02 Hydrolysis of cellulose and woody biomass 70
Dealkali lignin(DAL) Hydrothermal carbonization: 265 ℃
Sulfonation: H2SO4, 150 ℃, 1 h 		- 1.15 0.74 0.27 0.83 Dehydration of inulin into HMF 71,72
DAL Carbonization:
supercritical ethanol,
260 ℃, 8.4 MPa, 20 h
Sulfonation: H2SO4, 150 ℃, 10 h 		113.1 5.05 1.41 - - Esterification of oleic acid, esterification and transesterification of plantoils 73
Kraft lignin Chemical activation: H3PO4, 1 h
Pyrolysis carbonization:
N2, 400 ℃, 1 h
Sulfonation: H2SO4, 200 ℃, 2 h 		54.8 1.30 - - - Esterification of oleic acid and conversion of non-pretreated Jatropha oil to biodiesel 74
AL Electrospun: NaOH
Pyrolysis carbonization:
N2, 900 ℃, 0.5 h
Sulfonation: H2SO4, 150 ℃, 20 h
Hydrothermal treated:
150 ℃, 5 atm 		475 0.88 0.56 - - Hydrolysis of highly crystalline rice straw cellulose 75
AL Impregnation: KOH
Pyrolysis carbonization:N2, 400 ℃, 1 h; 600 ℃, 2 h
Sulfonation: N2, H2SO4,
150 ℃, 10 h 		524.9 - 0.40 - - Hydrolysis of
pretreated rice straw 		76
Enzymatic hydrolysis lignin residue Impregnation: FeCl3, 5 h
Pyrolysis carbonization:
N2, 400 ℃, 1 h
Sulfonation: N2, H2SO4,
150 ℃, 10 h 		234.61
5.65(without impregnation) 		1.95
1.42(without impregnation) 		0.77
0.65(without impregnation) 		- - Dehydration of fructose into
5-HMF 		77
SLS Pretreatment: ice-templating
Pyrolysis carbonization:N2, 450 ℃,
1 hIon exchange: H2SO4 		122 3.49 1.21 - - Acetalization of
glycerol to bio-additives 		78
AL Polymerization and dispersion(F123 as template agent);Pyrolysis carbonization:N2, 900 ℃, 3 h
Sulfonation: H2SO4, 180 ℃, 12 h 		156 - 1.82 - - Hydrolysis of bagasse cellulose 79
Kraft lignin Impregnation: NaOH, F123 Pyrolysis carbonization: N2, 900 ℃, 3 h;Sulfonation: H2SO4, 180 ℃, 12 h 262 - 0.65 - - Fructose dehydration to 5-HMF 80
表2 木质素碳基固体酸的催化应用
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