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Progress in Chemistry 2003, No.02 Previous issue Next issue

In this issue:

Review
ploring New Route for Establishing the Theory of Catalysis on the Basis of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
Wu Yue*,Yang Xiangguang
2003, 15 (02): 81- |
Published: 24 March 2003
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Abstract
Conventional equilibrium thermodynamics has long been recognized as one of the most important cornerstone of the theory of heterogeneous catalysis, but it is not suited quite well to generalize the state and behavior of operating catalysts. It is principally to see that there are non-equilibrium processes involved. The catalytic system exits always in thermodynamically non-equilibrium state under which the state and behavior of the system depend upon both kinetics and thermodynamics. It is argued that the most general useful relation, relating kinetics and thermodynamics, is not the De Bonder inequality Ar≥,but the new equation of De Donde In r/r =A/R7\ What matter is not so much for theformal thermodynamic coupling between simultaneous overall reactions, but the kinetic coupling between the elementary processes of a catalytic sequence . By introducing the notion of chemical potential into the analysis of dynamic chemical phenomena, a joint kinetic-thermodynanmic approach allows one to analysis both catalytic reaction and non-equilibrium state of catalyst. Perspectively, the role of non-equilibrium thermodynamics in creating physic-chemical background for heterogeneous catalysis is in fact much more embracing and interesting than that given by conventional equilibrium thermodynamics.
versible Chemical Oscillators
Zhai Junhong,He Zhanbo*
2003, 15 (02): 92- |
Published: 24 March 2003
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Abstract
The definition, significance and possible type of reversible chemical oscillator has been given. The types include: (l)spontaneous emulsion and electrifying demulsion; (2Spontaneous oscillatory reaction of triglyceriedes hydrolysis in the emulsion and electrifying esterification; (3Substitution of salt bridge with surfactant solution to form new type electric chemical oscillator and then electrolyze to converse reaction. The sources, components, experimental methods, theoritical analysis methods and potential application of the three reversible chemical oscillators have been disscussed and analyzed thoroughly. They can be combined further and form more types. Surfactant is key component of the reversible chemical oscillator which is another application of surfactant in the study of nonlinear chemical kinetics. The study of reversible chemical oscillator will accelerate greatly and consequentially the research of complexity reaction kinetics removed from equilibrium state and the design of new kind of secondary batteries.
Lithium Inorganic solid Electrolytes
Zheng Zishan1,2**,Zhang Zhongtai1,Tang Zilong1,Shen Wanci1
2003, 15 (02): 101- |
Published: 24 March 2003
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Abstract
Solid state lithium ion batteries have the advantages of high energy capacity and safety. They have potential applications in electric vehicle and energy storage. Some typical lithium inorganic solid electrolytes were classified and discussed in this paper. Their electrochemical properties, structural characteristics and conduction mechanisms are reviewed. These electrolytes have been widely studied because of their high ionic conductivity. Some key influence factors on the ionic conductivity and some basic requirement for an ideal lithium solid electrolyte are concluded.
Progress in Microcolumn Liquid Chromatography
Chen Lingxin,Guan Yafeng*,Ma Jiping
2003, 15 (02): 107- |
Published: 24 March 2003
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Abstract
This review discusses the techniques of microcolumn liquid chromatography column characterization, chromatography dilution effects and extracolumn band broadening. Recent progress in column echnology, the demands for instrumentation and accessories of ju-LC are also reviewed, especially the microfluidic pumping and detection. The hyphenation technique of ju-LC with other techniques, such as multidimensional chromatography and mass spectrometry is also reviewed.
earch Progress in Erythropoietin Determination
Wang Shan,Mi Jiebo,Chang Wenbao**
2003, 15 (02): 117- |
Published: 24 March 2003
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Abstract
Erytnropoieun is an important medicament in cnmcai treatment, it nas aiso oeen a notspot in doping control area in recent years. No reliable method has been established to detect its use as ergogenic agent since it was banned by the medical commission of the International Olympic Commission in 1989. Starting with the history and application of EPO, analytical techniques that used in detecting EPO, especially those in doping control area are summarized. The developing trend of EPO detection in sports is also presented.
Inhibitive Self-Assembled Monolayers on Metal Surface
Yang Xuegeng1,Chen Shenhao1,2**,Ma Houyi1,Quan Zhenlan1,Li Degang1
2003, 15 (02): 123- |
Published: 24 March 2003
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Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) play an important role in surface science, chemical engineering and materials science because of their relevance to both applied and fundamental studies. In this paper the application of self-assembled monolayers in the field of corrosion and protection of metals in recent years is summarized. Some representative self-assembly systems are introduced in detail. In addition, some common characterization technologies are evaluated, and the research results of our group are presented. The development of this technique in the future is also predicted.
Dendrimer/Metal(Compound) Nanocomposite*
Tang Xinde1,2,Zhang Qizhen1**,Zhou Qifeng3
2003, 15 (02): 129- |
Published: 24 March 2003
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Abstract
The research progress of new organic/inorganic hybrid materialsdendrimer/metal(compound) nanocomposites was reviewed. These materials were prepared by sequestering metal ions of intradendrimer composites or interdendrimer complexes followed by chemical reduction to yield the corresponding zerovalent metal nanoparticle or by reaction with anion to yield metal compounds. The size of intradendrimer composites depends on the number of metal ions initially loaded into the dendrimer. The size of interdendrimer complexes depends on the concentration of the dendrimer as well as their generations.
Organic Dye-Layered Silicate Optical Functional Nanocomposites*
Li Haiyan,Li Qiang**
2003, 15 (02): 135- |
Published: 24 March 2003
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Abstract
Organo-inorganic nanocomposites, particularly the self-organized nanocomposites produced by the intercalation of the organic dye guests into the inorganic layered solids, due to their special microstructure and properties, have occupied important place in the field of nanocomposites. In this paper, recent developments in the study of the intercalation of photochromic and photoluminescent dyes, including spiropyran, azobenzene, diarylethenes, coumarine and pyrene, into layered silicates are reviewed. The focus is on the special optical behavior and the highly ordered microstructure of the dyes in the two dimensional layers of silicates. Their applications in optical functional materials are also discussed.
Study on the Production of Hydrogen from Methane
Xu Shan,Wang Xiaolai*,Zhao Rui
2003, 15 (02): 141- |
Published: 24 March 2003
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Abstract
The developing trends and preparation technology of producing hydrogen from methane are introduced. The characteristics of conversion processes and sorts of reactor are discussed. The focus is on analyzing reaction condition, catalytic properties and methods of settling soot.
Catalysis of Multicomponent Polyoxometalate Clusters*
Shan Yongkui**,Dai Liyi,Yu Shuyuan,Ye Shengrong,He Mingyuan**
2003, 15 (02): 151- |
Published: 24 March 2003
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Abstract
Catalysis by polyoxometalate clusters is a field of increasing importance. Polyoxometalate clusters have several advantages as catalysts which make them economically and environmentally attractive, and provide a good basis for the molecular design of mixed oxide catalysts. The relationship among the following four levels of information can be established on the molecular basis: catalysis performance; chemical and physical properties; molecular and bulk composition and structure; and method of synthesis of catalysts. The review focuses on catalysts of the multicomponent polyoxometalate clusters to represent information mentioned above.