| Ion(s) doped | Composition | Synthesis method | Biocompatibility | Bacterial species | Antibacterial properties | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ag+/ Ag | PLLA-PGA/xAg@pMBG (x=0/2.0/4.0/6.0/ 8.0mol%) | Sol-Gel | The cells cultured on the scaffold with MBG exhibited a flatter morphology, indicating better cytocompatibility. the degradation of MBG releases active elements (silicon and calcium) that could induce osteoblast differentiation. | E. coli | PLLA-PGA/MBG scaffolds had no antibacterial activity； The bacteriostasis rates of composite scaffolds loaded with 2AG@PMBG and AG@PMBG were 80.0% and 83.0% ，respectively； The bacteriostasis rate of composite scaffolds loaded with 6AG@PMBG and 8Ag@pMBG was more than 99.00%； | |
| Zn2+ | 70SiO2-(30-x)CaO-xZnO (x=0/2.0/4.0mol%) | Sol-Gel | All samples show very high levels of cell mitochondrial activity (> 80.0% of the reference control). The results indicate that all glasses are not cytotoxic (viability is always above 80.0%, indicates that the material should be considered as not cytotoxic) and favorable for cell proliferation. | E. coli S.aureus | When the ratio of the extract to the bacterial mixture was 1ml: 0.5 ml, the bacteriostasis rates of 2Zn-MBG to both bacteria were 100.0%, and the bacteriostasis rates of 4Zn-MBG to E. coli and S. aureus were 65.0% and 70.0%, respectively； When the ratio was 1ml: 0.2 ml, the inhibition rates of 2Zn-MBG to both bacteria were 100%, while those of 4Zn-MBG to E. coli and S. aureus were 80.0% and 85.0%，respectively； | |
| Cu2+ | 45SiO2-6P2O5-24.5CaO-(24.5-x)Na2O (x=0/0.5/1.5/2.5 mol%) | Sol-Gel | Ionic radii variations can influence the dissolution of calcium and phosphate, so apatite growth was gradually increased by addition of copper in BG system. BG and copper incorporated BG showed almost similar bioactivity as well as exhibiting same apatite growth with the additional benefit of copper release. | P.aeruginosa E. coli B.subtilis S. aureus E.faecalis C.albicans | Under the treatment of 1.5 cu-mbg and 2.5 cu-mbg, the viable cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli were completely inhibited, and the inhibitory effects on B. subtilis and S. aureus were obviously superior to those of Gram-negative； CuBGs (20.0 μg/ml) had a rapid inhibitory effect on Gram-positive bacteria such as Enterobacter faecalis, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition rates of 98.5%, 99.0% and 98.5%, respectively； | |
| Ce3+ | 88.5SiO2-10.1 CaO-1.4Ce2O3 | Sol-Gel | some apatite particles existed as hollow hemispheres on day 3 and day 7. as the immersion time increased to 14 days, when most of the apatite particles had grown into full spheres. All samples induced the formation of apatite particles with Ca/P ratio close to 1.67 upon immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), confirming their good bioactivity. | E. coli S. aureus | Ce-MBG has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria by producing reactive oxygen species； When the concentration was 0.01 mg/ml, it had no effect on E. coli, but the survival rate decreased with the increase of MBG concentration； When the concentration was 10.0 mg/ml, the growth of Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited completely； | |
| Ce3+/ Ga3+ | 60.0SiO2-(40.0- x)CaO-xGa2O3 (x=0/1.0/3.0/5.0mol%) | Sol-Gel | The Ca/P ratio on the MBGNPs surface was close to 1.64, which is similar to the Ca/P ratio in HA. All Ga-doped MBGNPs showed the formation of a similar type of HA crystals on the surface. Increasing the amount of gallium doping resulted in significant refinement of precipitated HA crystals. | E. coli S. aureus | Ga-MBG had a lower survival rate than Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative； The inhibition rate of 5Ga-MBG was the highest at 6h； Ga1 was the strongest at 6h and 24h after Gram-positive bacteria Gram-negative； The inhibition rates of Ga1, Ga3 and Ga5 MBG on Gram-negative were significantly different at 24 h incubation. |
