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基于生物功能化纳米DNA探针及其传感策略

董海峰, 张学记*   

  1. 北京科技大学生物工程与传感技术研究中心 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2012-04-01 修回日期:2012-05-01 出版日期:2012-11-24 发布日期:2012-10-23
  • 基金资助:

    中国博士后基金 (No. 11175012)、中央高校基本科研业务费项目 (No. 06199017)和国家自然基金项目(No. 21127007, 21075055, 21135002, 21121091)资助

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DNA Biosensors Based on Functional Nanoprobes

Dong Haifeng, Zhang Xueji   

  1. Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2012-04-01 Revised:2012-05-01 Online:2012-11-24 Published:2012-10-23
随着人类基因组计划的完成和功能基因研究的深入,基因诊断已成为分子生物学和生物医学的重要研究领域。DNA生物传感器作为一种利用核酸碱基配对原则进行识别,能对基因片段实现持续、快速、灵敏和选择性检测的新方法,近年来发展非常迅速。纳米材料由于具有独特物理化学性质、良好的生物相容性、优越的机械性能及表面易于生物功能化等特点,被广泛应用到生物分析之中。各种各样组成、尺寸、维度及形状的纳米材料如量子点、贵金属纳米材料、碳纳米材料等被可控地修饰上不同的生物分子,用于发展特殊性质的纳米探针,构建DNA生物传感器,实现对DNA片段高灵敏及高特异性的检测。
关键词： 功能化纳米探针, DNA生物传感器, 信号放大
The accomplishment of the Human Genome Project and the progress in research of the functional genomics make gene diagnoses a hot spot in the areas of molecular biology and biomedicine. DNA biosensors, based on the bases pairing, can continuously, fast, sensitively detect the specific gene sequence, which have developed quickly in recent years. Nanoparticles are intensely studied in bioanalysis, owing to its unique physical and chemical properties, excellent biocompatibility, stable mechanical and facilitated modification properties. Various compositions, sizes, dimensions and shapes of nanomaterials such as quantum dot, noble metal nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials are controllably tailored to couple different biomolecules in order to develop nanoprobes with desired properties for DNA biosensing. These biosensing devices can be employed for detection of DNA sequence with high sensitivity and selectivity. Contents
1 Introduction
2 The basic principle of DNA biosensors
3 General categories of DNA biosensors
4 The application of nanoparticles in DNA biosensors
4.1 Functional gold nanoprobe
4.2 Functional carbon nanoprobe
4.3 Functional semiconductor nanoprobe
5 Conclusion and outlook
Key words: functional nanoprobes, DNA biosensors, signal amplification

中图分类号: 

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