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化学进展 2009, Vol. 21 Issue (10): 2164-2175 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

用于软骨修复的水凝胶*

胡小红; 朱旸; 高长有**   

  1. （浙江大学高分子科学与工程学系 杭州 310027）
  • 收稿日期:2009-01-16 修回日期:2009-03-04 出版日期:2009-10-24 发布日期:2009-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 高长有 E-mail:cygao@mail.hz.zj.cn
  • 基金资助:

    863项目

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Hydrogels for Cartilage Regeneration

Hu Xiaohong;  Zhu Yang;  Gao Changyou**   

  1. （Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China）
  • Received:2009-01-16 Revised:2009-03-04 Online:2009-10-24 Published:2009-10-09
  • Contact: Gao Changyou E-mail:cygao@mail.hz.zj.cn

在软骨组织修复与再生中，水凝胶支架能够为细胞的增殖与分化提供更接近于天然软骨细胞外基质的微环境，是软骨组织修复的一种理想材料。本文介绍了近年发展起来的一些具有新结构和新性能的水凝胶，包括高强度水凝胶以及结构中包含功能蛋白和多肽的水凝胶。重点介绍了对温度、pH值及对生物分子产生响应的刺激响应型水凝胶和自组装水凝胶。具有α-螺旋结构和自组装水凝胶通过两个或多个卷曲螺旋结构聚集形成水凝胶，而通过多肽自组装形成的具有纤维结构的水凝胶在微观的结构上更接近软骨细胞外基质。此外，DNA的分子和序列也用来设计基于DNA的新型水凝胶。本文最后介绍了能在力学、生物学和可注射性等多方面更好地满足软骨修复需要的复合型水凝胶支架、干细胞与水凝胶的复合以及生长因子、基因和一些力学刺激对软骨再生的促进作用。

关键词： 水凝胶, 支架, 软骨再生, 生物材料

Highly hydrated hydrogels can better mimic the chemical and physical environments of cartilage extracellular matrix(ECM)and therefore are ideal biomaterials for cartilage regeneration. Besides the traditional hydrogels which have been used in cartilage repair, some hydrogels with new structures and properties are also introduced in this article, including mechanically strong hydrogels and hydrogels containing functional proteins or peptide domains. First, hydrogels with smart response to pH, temperature, ions, stresses and bioactive factors are thus discussed. Second, self-assembled hydrogels containing peptide domains which present a novel advance in terms of their structural similarity to natural ECM of cartilage and their bioactivity to cartilage regeneration are illustrated. Some hydrogels can be crosslinked by interaction between or among self-assembled α-helix structures, and others may self-assemble to form nanofibrous structures. DNA sequences and molecules have also been used to design DNA based hydrogels. The hydrogel filled porous scaffolds, on the other hand, can maintain both the good mechanical strength of the hard scaffolds and the good biocompatibility of the soft hydrogels, thus behaved better performance in cartilage regeneration. The injectable hydrogel/microcarrier composites with suitabley mechanical properties and degradation time are another type of appealing scaffolds having the in vivo culture environment for the delivered cells, minimal invasion and low cost of surgical procedures. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown great promise in cartilage repair, thus can be encapsulated into the hydrogels and differentiate into the chondrocytes in situ. For this sense, stimulating factors such as growth factors, genes and hydrostatic or dynamic compression may be simultaneously applied to accelerate cartilage regeneration.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Novel fabricating methods of hydrogels
2.1 Hydrogels and their fabricating methods
2.2 Hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties
2.3 Stimuli-responsive hydrogels
2.4 Self-assembled hydrogels
3 Hydrogels incorporated with cells and bioactive factors
3.1 Chondrocytes/hydrogel systems
3.2 Stem cells/hydrogel systems
3.3 Cells/bioactive factors/hydrogel systems
4 Conclusions and perspectives

Key words: hydrogel, scaffold, cartilage regeneration, biomaterials

中图分类号: 

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摘要

用于软骨修复的水凝胶*