
新型介孔固体碱材料的合成*
Synthesis of Novel Mesoporous Solid Bases
介孔固体碱能够催化各式各样的化学反应,降低生产成本并减少对环境的污染,可望代替液体碱成为新一代环境友好催化材料。介孔材料的飞速发展为介孔固体碱的研制提供了契机,到目前为止,研究人员已经采用不同途径合成出了多种类型的介孔固体碱材料。本文以主体材料作为线索,综述了在介孔氧化硅、介孔氧化铝、介孔氧化锆和介孔炭上产生碱性位的方法,描述了所制得固体碱的结构、性质及其在催化反应中的应用。在此基础上,评价了这些制备方法的优缺点,剖析了碱性位产生机理,并对介孔固体碱的发展前景进行了展望。
Mesoporous solid bases can catalyze diverse reactions with a low cost and reduce the production of pollutants. They are promising to take the place of liquid bases and are significant for the development of environmentally benign catalytic processes. The rapid development of mesoporous materials provides an opportunity for the research and preparation of mesoporous solid bases. Up to now, a series of mesoporous solid bases have been successfully synthesized by various methods. In the present paper, the approaches for generating basic sites on different mesoporous hosts, i.e. silica, alumina, zirconia, and carbon, are reviewed. The structures, properties, and catalytic performances of resulting basic materials are described. On the basis of these results, the different synthesis methods are evaluated and the mechanisms of basicity generation are clarified. Finally, the development tendency of mesoporous solid bases is proposed.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Generating basic sites on mesoporous silica
2.1 Nitrogen doping
2.2 Grafting organic base
2.3 Functionalization with inorganic basic species
2.4 Formation of superbasicity by multicoating
3 Solid bases derived from mesoporous alumina host
3.1 SO42- ions modified mesoporous alumina
3.2 Depositing metal sodium
3.3 One-pot synthesis of potassium-functionalized mesoporous γ-Al2O3
4 Basic species modified mesoporous zirconia and carbon
4.1 Employing mesoporous zirconia as a host
4.2 Employing mesoporous carbon as a host
5 Conclusion and outlook
介孔固体碱 / 主题材料 / 碱性位产生 / 介孔氧化硅 / 介孔氧化铝 {{custom_keyword}} /
mesoporous solid bases / host / basicity generation / mesoporous silica / mesoporous alumina {{custom_keyword}} /
[ 1 ] Ono Y. J . Catal . , 2003 , 216 : 406 —415
[ 2 ] Davis R J . J . Catal . , 2003 , 216 : 396 —405
[ 3 ] Smit B , Maesen TL M. Nature , 2008 , 451 : 671 —678
[ 4 ] Weitkamp J , Hunger M, Rymsa U. MicroporousMesoporousMater. ,2001 , 48 : 255 —270
[ 5 ] Zhu J H , Chun Y, Wang Y, et al . Catal . Today , 1999 , 51 : 103 —111
[ 6 ] Sun L B , Chun Y, Gu F N , et al . Mater. Lett . , 2007 , 61 : 2130 —2134
[ 7 ] Sun L B , Gu F N , Chun Y, et al . Microporous Mesoporous Mater. ,2008 , 116 : 498 —503
[ 8 ] Zhu J H , Chun Y, Qin Y, et al . Microporous Mesoporous Mater. ,1998 , 24 : 19 —28
[ 9 ] Zhu J H , Wang Y, Chun Y, et al . Mater. Lett . , 1998 , 35 : 177 —182
[10 ] Kresge C T, Leonowicz M E , Roth WJ , et al . Nature , 1992 , 359 :710 —712
[11 ] Zhao D Y, Feng J L , Huo Q S , et al . Science , 1998 , 279 : 548 —552
[12 ] De Vos D E , Dams M, Sels B F , et al . Chem. Rev. , 2002 , 102 :3615 —3640
[13 ] Davis M E. Nature , 2002 , 417 : 813 —821
[14 ] Stein A. Adv. Mater. , 2003 , 15 : 763 —775
[15 ] Wan Y, Zhao D Y. Chem. Rev. , 2007 , 107 : 2821 —2860
[16 ] Asefa T, MacLachan M J , Coombs N , et al . Nature , 1999 , 402 :867 —871
[17 ] Liu X Y, Tian B Z, Yu C Z, et al . Angew. Chem. Int . Ed. ,2002 , 41 : 3876 —3878
[18 ] Kim S S , Zhang W Z, Pinnavaia T J . Science , 1998 , 282 : 1302 —1305
[19 ] Mercier L , Pinnavaia TJ . Adv. Mater. , 1997 , 9 : 500 —503
[20 ] Benitez J J , Odriozola J A , Marchand R , et al . J . Chem. Soc.Faraday Trans. , 1995 , 91 : 4477 —4479
[21 ] Wiame H M, Cellier C M, Grange P. J . Phys. Chem. B , 2000 ,104 : 591 —596
[22 ] Benitez J J , Diaz A , Laurent Y, et al . Appl . Catal . A , 1999 , 176 :177 —187
[23 ] Wang J , Liu Q. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. , 2005 , 83 : 225 —232
[24 ] Climent MJ , Corma A , Guil-Lopez R , et al . Catal . Lett . , 1999 ,59 : 33 —38
[25 ] Climent MJ , Corma A , Fornes V , et al . J . Catal . , 1996 , 163 :392 —398
[26 ] Blasco T, Corma A , Fernandez L , et al . Phys. Chem. Chem.Phys. , 1999 , 1 : 4493 —4499
[27 ] Fripiat N , Parvulescu V , Parvulescu V I , et al . Appl . Catal . A ,1999 , 181 : 331 —346
[28 ] Benitez J J , Diaz A , Laurent Y, et al . Catal . Lett . , 1998 , 54 :159 —164
[29 ] Stein A , Wehrle B , Jansen M. Zeolites , 1993 , 13 : 291 —298
[30 ] Macquarrie D J , Jackson D B , Tailand S , et al . J . Mater. Chem. ,2001 , 11 : 1843 —1849
[31 ] Wang X, Lin K S K, Chan J C C , et al . Chem. Commun. , 2004 ,2762 —2763
[32 ] Wang X, Lin KS K, Chan J C C , et al . J . Phys. Chem. B , 2005 ,109 : 1763 —1769
[33 ] Chauvel A , Renard G, Brunel D. J . Org. Chem. , 1997 , 62 :749 —751
[34 ] Rao YV S , de Vos D E , Jacobs P A. Angew. Chem. Int . Ed. ,1997 , 36 : 2661 —2663
[35 ] Rodriguez I , Iborra S , Corma A , et al . Chem. Commun. , 1999 ,593 —594
[36 ] Rodriguez I , Iborra S , Rey F , et al . Appl . Catal . A , 2000 , 194/195 : 241 —252
[37 ] Macquarrie D J . Chem. Commun. , 1996 , 1961 —1962
[38 ] Macquarrie D J , Jackson D B. Chem. Commun. , 1997 , 1781 —1782
[39 ] Lin X, Chuah G K, Jaenicke S. J . Mol . Catal . A: Chem. , 1999 ,150 : 287 —294
[40 ] Jaenicke S , Chuah G K, Lin X H , et al . Microporous Mesoporous Mater. , 2000 , 35P36 : 143 —153
[41 ] Wei Y L , Wang Y M, Zhu J H , et al . Adv. Mater. , 2003 , 15 :1943 —1945
[42 ] Wang Y M, Wu Z Y, Wei Y L , et al . Microporous Mesoporous Mater. , 2005 , 84 : 127 —136
[43 ] Sun L B , Kou J H , Chun Y, et al . Inorg. Chem. , 2008 , 47 :4199 —4208
[44 ] Kloetstra K R , van Bekkum H. Chem. Commun. , 1995 , 1005 —1006
[45 ] Kloetstra K R , van den Broek J , van Bekkum H. Catal . Lett . ,1997 , 47 : 235 —242
[46 ] Kloetstra K R , van Bekkum H. Stud. Surf . Sci . Catal . , 1997 ,105 : 431 —438
[47 ] Kloetstra K R , van Laren M, van Bekkum H. J . Chem. Soc.Faraday Trans. , 1997 , 93 : 1211 —1220
[48 ] Wu Z Y, Jiang Q , Wang YM, et al . Chem. Mater. , 2006 , 18 :4600 —4608
[49 ] 孙林兵(Sun L B) . 南京大学博士学位论文(Doctoral Dissertation of Nanjing University) , 20081 75 —76
[50 ] Zhu J H , Wang Y, Chun Y, et al . J . Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. ,1998 , 94 : 1163 —1169
[51 ] Wang Y, Huang W Y, Chun Y, et al . Chem. Mater. , 2001 , 13 :670 —677
[52 ] Sun L B , Gu F N , Gao L , et al . Nanoporous Mater : Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium , Vancouver , Canada , 2008. 487 —496
[53 ] Seki T, Onaka M. J . Phys. Chem. B , 2006 , 110 : 1240 —1248
[54 ] Bedilo A F , Klabunde KJ . J . Catal . , 1998 , 176 : 448 —458
[55 ] Seki T, Onaka M. J . Mol . Catal . A: Chem. , 2007 , 263 : 115 —120
[56 ] Pines H , Veseley J A , Ipatieff V N. J . Am. Chem. Soc. , 1955 ,77 : 6314 —6321
[57 ] Seki T, Ikeda S , Onaka M. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. , 2006 ,96 : 121 —126
[58 ] Cejka J . Appl . Catal . A , 2003 , 254 : 327 —338
[59 ] Sun L B , Gu F N , Chun Y, et al . J . Phys. Chem. C , 2008 , 112 :4978 —4985
[60 ] Sun L B , Yang J , Kou J H , et al . Angew. Chem. Int . Ed. , 2008 ,47 : 3418 —3421
[61 ] Sun L B , Wu Z Y, Kou J H , et al . Chin. J . Catal . , 2006 , 27 :725 —731
[62 ] Zhang Z, Pinnavaia TJ . J . Am. Chem. Soc. , 2002 , 124 : 12294 —12301
[63 ] Zhang Z, Hicks R W, Pauly T R , et al . J . Am. Chem. Soc. ,2002 , 124 : 1592 —1593
[64 ] Ren T Z, Yuan Z Y, Su B L. Langmuir , 2004 , 20 : 1531 —1534
[65 ] 孙林兵(Sun L B) ,杨菁(Yang J ) ,寇佳慧(Kou J H) 等. 第14 届全国催化学术会议论文集( Proceedings of the 14th National Congress on Catalysis of China) , 南京(Nanjing) , 2008. 10
[66 ] Liu S , Huang S , Guan L , et al . Microporous Mesoporous Mater. ,2007 , 102 : 304 —309
[67 ] Soler-Illia GJ , Crepaldi EL , Sanchez C. J . Mater. Chem. , 2004 ,14 : 1879 —1886
[68 ] Mamak M, Coombs N , Ozin G. Adv. Mater. , 2000 , 12 : 198 —202
[69 ] Stevens M G, Foley H C. Chem. Commun. , 1997 , 519 —520
[70 ] Stevens M G, Sellers KM, Subramoney S , et al . Chem. Commun. ,1998 , 2679 —2680
[71 ] Stevens M G, Chen D , Foley H C. Chem. Commun. , 1999 , 275 —276
高等学校博士点基金(200402910050)、长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT0732)和江苏省高校自然科学重大基础研究项目(08KJA530001)资助;无
/
〈 |
|
〉 |