For the purpose of exploring the complexity of life and solving the practical problems, study of chemical reactions on the cellular level is becoming a new trend in the field of biological chemical researches. Cell is the basic form of life, existing in a variety of states such as in different phases of cell cycle, under differentiation, and circumstantial stresses, etc. When encountering chemical compounds, a cell can be regarded as a deliberately designed assembly of all sorts of molecules and supermolecules with multiple targets; the cell response is a multi-step complex chemical process comprising many specific reactions. Inorganic cytochemistry studies inorganic reactions inside cells and the mechanisms by which inorganic compounds regulate or interfere the cellular processes, including binding of inorganic species to the cell membrane and the effects on membrane structure, the cellular metabolism and transport of inorganic compounds across biological membranes and barriers, coupling of inorganic reactions with cellular signal transduction, the effects of inorganic species on metabolism of free radicals, and the interaction of cell with inorganic particles and solid surfaces. The current topics in inorganic cytochemical studies are discussed.