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化学进展 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (5): 519-535 DOI: 10.7536/PC190907 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

黏弹性流体在微粒被动操控技术中的应用

倪陈1, 姜迪1,**(), 徐幼林1, 唐文来2   

  1. 1.南京林业大学机械电子工程学院 南京 210037
    2.南京师范大学电气与自动化工程学院 江苏省三维打印设备与制造重点实验室 南京 210023
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-09 修回日期:2019-11-11 出版日期:2020-05-15 发布日期:2020-02-20
  • 通讯作者: 姜迪
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51805270); 国家自然科学基金项目(51805272); 江苏省重点研发计划项目资助(BE2018010-1); 江苏省重点研发计划项目资助(BE2018010-2)
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Application of Viscoelastic Fluid in Passive Particle Manipulation Technologies

Chen Ni1, Di Jiang1,**(), Youlin Xu1, Wenlai Tang2   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
    2.School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
  • Received:2019-09-09 Revised:2019-11-11 Online:2020-05-15 Published:2020-02-20
  • Contact: Di Jiang
  • About author:
    ** e-mail:
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(51805270); National Natural Science Foundation of China(51805272); Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2018010-1); Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2018010-2)

因能实现微米尺度粒子的精确操控,微流控技术已被广泛运用于医学、制药、生物和化学等领域,其中无需外场作用的被动操控技术由于其简单性和自主性更是成为研究热点。与其他被动操控技术相比,黏弹性聚焦技术更易实现微粒的三维聚焦且能操控微粒的尺度跨度大、流体流量范围广。因此,本文综述了黏弹性流体在微粒被动操控应用中的最新研究进展。首先,介绍了微粒在不同结构流道内的黏弹性流体中进行迁移的受力机理,进一步详细阐述了黏弹性聚焦、黏弹性分选、黏弹性混合以及其他黏弹性微粒操控应用研究进展,最后对研究黏弹性流体流动特性和在其内微粒迁移运动规律的数值模拟方法进行了介绍,并在分析现有问题的基础上对黏弹性微流控技术未来的发展作出了展望。

关键词： 黏弹性流体, 微流控, 粒子聚焦, 粒子分选, 数值模拟

Microfluidics, which can precisely manipulate micron-sized particles, has been widely used in medical, pharmaceutical, biological and chemical fields. The passive manipulation technologies without external field effect have become a research hotspot because of their simplicity and autonomy. Compared with other passive manipulation technologies, viscoelastic focusing technology makes it easier to achieve three-dimensional focusing of particles, and can manipulate particles with a large-scale span and a wide range of fluid flow. Therefore, this paper reviews the latest research on viscoelastic fluids in particle passive manipulation applications. Firstly, the force mechanism of particles in viscoelastic fluid in different microchannel structure is introduced. Then, the research progress of viscoelastic focusing, sorting, mixing and other viscoelastic particle manipulation applications is further elaborated. Finally, the numerical simulation method for studying the flow characteristics of viscoelastic fluids and the movement law of particles in it are introduced, and some prospects for the future development of viscoelastic microfluidics are made based on the analysis of existing problems.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Viscoelastic focusing

2.1 Viscoelastic focusing in straight microchannels

2.2 Viscoelastic focusing in curved microchannels

3 Viscoelastic sorting

3.1 Sheath-flow sorting

3.2 Sheath-free sorting

4 Other applications

5 Numerical simulation

6 Conclusion and prospects

Key words: viscoelastic fluid, microfluidics, particle focusing, particle sorting, numerical simulation
()
图1 粒子受惯性升力在直流道中的平衡位置示意图: (a) 圆形截面;(b)方形截面[32];(c)矩形截面[32];(d)增加雷诺数[32];(e)加入黏弹力[61]
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the equilibrium position of particles subjected to inertial lift in straight microchannels (a) circular section;(b) square section[32];(c) rectangular section[32];(d) Reynolds number increased [32];(e) elastic force added[61]
图2 粒子在不同条件下在不同直流道中的聚焦图 (a)0.05 wt% PEO 溶液(左)和8% PVP溶液(右)在方形直流道中[61];(b)1% PEO溶液在圆柱形直流道中[63];(c)1% PEO溶液在圆柱形直流道中[64];(d)5 ppm λ-DNA溶液在方形直流道中[37];(e)0.8 wt% HA溶液在方形直流道中[60]
Fig. 2 Particles focusing in different straight microchannels under different conditions (a) 0.05 wt% PEO solution(left) and 8% PVP solution(right) in straight square microchannel[61];(b) 1% PEO solution in straight cylindrical microchannel[63];(c) 1% PEO solution in straight cylindrical microchannel[64];(d) 5ppm λ-DNA solution in straight square microchannel[37];(e) 0.8 wt% HA solution in straight square microchannel[60]
图3 (a)红细胞的二维聚焦图[77];(b)粒子在不同深宽比矩形直流道中聚焦图[78];(c)两组不同尺寸粒子的聚焦图[78];(d)粒子聚焦四个阶段示意图[79];(e)双入口流道示意图[80]
Fig. 3 (a) Two-dimensional focusing of red blood cells[77];(b) Particle focusing map in straight rectangular microchannels with different aspect ratios[78];(c) Focusing map of two different sizes of particles[78];(d) Schematic diagram of four stages of particle focusing[79];(e) Schematic diagram of double inlet channel[80]
图4 (a)直径为1.5和10 μm粒子的聚焦图[86];(b)粒子聚焦六个阶段示意图[85];(c)螺旋流道中粒子的三维单线聚焦图[84]
Fig. 4 (a) Focusing map of 1.5 and 10 μm diameter particles[86];(b) Schematic diagram of six stages of particle focusing[85];(c) Three-dimensional single-line focusing map of particles in a spiral microchannel[84]
图5 利用鞘流分离的流道结构示意图[100]
Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of the microchannel structure using sheath-flow sorting[100]
图6 (a)粒子在T形流道分离示意图[102];(b)混合粒子在不同条件下的迁移情况[102];(c)球形和花生形粒子的迁移情况[103]
Fig. 6 (a) Schematic diagram of particle separation in a T-shaped microchannel[102];(b) Migration of mixed particles under different conditions[102];(c) Migration of spherical and peanut-shaped particles[103]
图7 (a)外泌体和细胞外囊泡所在流道结构示意图[105];(b)多螺旋结构流道示意图[88];(c)具有确定性横向位移阵列的流道结构示意图[106]
Fig. 7 (a) Schematic diagram of the microchannel structure in which exosomes and EVs are located[105];(b) Schematic diagram of a multi-spiral microchannel[88];(c) Schematic diagram of a microchannel with deterministic lateral displacement arrays[106]
图8 (a)粒子从黏弹性流体迁移至牛顿流体的微流道示意图[108];(b)粒子从牛顿流体迁移至黏弹性流体的微流道示意图[111];(c)粒子在三种不同(鞘液/样品)条件下的分离示意图[111]
Fig. 8 (a) Schematic diagram of the microchannel of particles migration from viscoelastic fluid to Newtonian fluid[108];(b) Schematic diagram of the microchannel of particles migration from Newtonian fluid to viscoelastic fluid[111];(c) Schematic diagram of the separation of particles under three different conditions(sheath/sample)[111]
图9 (a)可变形性粒子和刚性粒子在流道中的迁移示意图[112];(b)刚性PS粒子和新鲜红细胞的分离快照图[112];(c)混合粒子的分离图[114]
Fig. 9 (a) Schematic diagram of the migration of deformable particles and rigid particles in the microchannel[112];(b) Snapshot of the separation of rigid PS particles and fresh RBCs[112];(c) Separation map of mixed particles[114]
图10 (a)粒子在具有单侧腔阵结构流道中迁移示意图[117];(b)双螺旋流道结构示意图[87];(c)二段式流道结构示意图[118];(d)粒子在二段式结构流道中迁移示意图[119, 120]
Fig. 10 (a) Schematic diagram of particle migration in a microchannel with a single-sided cavity array structure [117];(b) Schematic diagram of a double spiral microchannel[87];(c) Schematic diagram of a microchannel with two-stage structure[118];(d) Schematic diagram of particle migration in a microchannel with two-stage structure[119, 120]
表1 黏弹性微流控中各种粒子分选方法的概括
Table 1 Summary of various particle sorting methods in viscoelastic microfluidics
Authors Particles Sheat flow Sheath/sample flow Sample flow rate Separation purity(the former)
Nam et al[100] 1 μm/5 μm PS
Platelets/blood cells		 Yes Viscoelastic/Viscoelastic fluid 30 μL/h 99.9%
>99.8%
Liu et al[105] 0.1 μm/0.5 μm PS
Exosomes/EVs		 Yes Viscoelastic/Viscoelastic fluid 200 μL/h >90%
>90%
Zhou et al[88] 0.1 μm/0.3 μm PS
Exosomes/EVs		 Yes Viscoelastic/Viscoelastic fluid 25 μL/min >95%
92.8%
Faridi et al[107] 2 μm/5 μm PS
Bacteria/whole blood		 Yes Viscoelastic/Viscoelastic fluid 30 μL/h 93%
76%
Ha et al[108] 9.9 μm/2 μm PS Yes Newtonian/Viscoelastic fluid 40 μL/min 97.5%
Yuan et al[110] 5 μm/0.8 μm PS
10 μm/0.8 μm PS
Jurkat cells		 Yes Newtonian/Viscoelastic fluid 2 μL/min 94.4%
100%
92.8%
Tian et al[111] Staphylococcus aureus/platelets Yes Viscoelastic/Newtonian fluid 300 μL/h 97%
Yang et al[112] PS/RBCs No - 160 μL/h 98.2%
Li et al[114] 10 μm/5 μm/3 μm PS No - 300 μL/h 95.2%
Del Giudice et al[60] 20 μm/10 μm PS No - 2 μL/min 96%
Lu et al[115] Spherical/peanut shaped particles No - 150 μL/h 95.2%
Yuan et al[117] Plasma/blood cells No - 50 μL/min 99.93%
Liu et al[87] 0.1 μm/2 μm PS
λ-DNA/platelets		 No - 1.4 μL/h 95%
96%
Nam et al[119] 5 μm/10 μm PS No - 0.05~0.14 μL/min 99.9%
Nam et al[120] Malaria parasites/WBCs No - 400 μL/min 99%
Nam et al[118] 5 μm/10 μm PS
MCF-7 cells/WBCs		 No - 20 μL/min
200 μL/min		 99%
97%
图11 (a)边井直流道中流体混合示意图[124];(b)十字槽微流道示意图[129]
Fig. 11 (a) Schematic diagram of fluid mixing in a straight microchannel the side channel[124];(b) Schematic diagram of a microchannel with cross-slot region[129]
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