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化学进展 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (5): 536-547 DOI: 10.7536/PC190831 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

金属基介孔固体碱催化剂的制备与应用

刘宁1, 刘水林1,**(), 伍素云1, 付琳2, 吴智1, 李来丙1,**()   

  1. 1.湖南工学院材料与化学工程学院 衡阳 421002
    2.湘潭大学化工学院 化工过程模拟与强化国家地方联合工程研究中心 湘潭 411105
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-29 修回日期:2020-01-15 出版日期:2020-05-15 发布日期:2020-02-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘水林, 李来丙
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51802093); 湖南省自然科学基金项目(2019JJ50107); 湖南省自然科学基金项目(2017JJ2063); 湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(18B465); 湖南工学院人才科研启动基金(HQ 17014); 湖南工学院人才科研启动基金(HQ 17011); 湖南省工程研究中心(湘发改委高技[2019]853号)()
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Preparation and Application of Matal-Based Mesoporous Solid Bases

Ning Liu1, Shuilin Liu1,**(), Suyun Wu1, Lin Fu2, Zhi Wu1, Laibing Li1,**()   

  1. 1.Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
    2.National & Local United Engineering Research Center for Chemical Process Simulation and Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
  • Received:2019-08-29 Revised:2020-01-15 Online:2020-05-15 Published:2020-02-20
  • Contact: Shuilin Liu, Laibing Li
  • About author:
    ** e-mail: (Shuilin Liu);
    (Laibing Li)
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(51802093); Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2019JJ50107); Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2017JJ2063); Foundation of Hunan Educational Committee(18B465); Talent Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Institute of Technology(HQ 17014); Talent Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Institute of Technology(HQ 17011); Engineering Research Center in Hunan Province(Grants No.[2019]853)()

应可持续发展与绿色化学的需要,非均相催化剂替代传统的均相催化剂引起研究者的广泛重视。其中,金属基介孔固体碱具有比表面积大、腐蚀性小、传质速率快、易分离等优点,是一种理想的绿色催化剂。本文综述了近年来制备不同的金属基介孔固体碱(包括MgO、类水滑石(HTs)及改性的Al2O3、ZrO2、CeO2)的研究进展,重点讨论了软模板法、硬模板法、溶剂挥发自组装法、无模板剂法等制备各种金属基介孔固体碱的方法和机理。此外,还介绍了金属基介孔氧化物在催化、储能与环境领域中的实际应用。最后,简要分析了金属基介孔固体碱制备过程中存在的问题,并展望其在未来的发展趋势,为新型金属基介孔固体碱的构筑提供了新的思路。

关键词： 金属基固体碱, 介孔, 表面活性剂, 模板剂

For the demands of sustainable development and green chemistry, the use of heterogeneous catalysts instead of conventional homogeneous ones has received increasing attention. Among various heterogeneous catalysts, mesoporous solid bases are extremely desirable in green catalytic processes, due to their advantages of high specific surface, negligible corrosion, accelerated mass transport and easy separation. Great progress has been made in mesoporous solid bases in the last decade. In addition to their wide applications in the catalytic synthesis of organics and fine chemicals, mesoporous solid bases have also been used in the field of energy and environmental catalysis. In this review, we provide an overview of recent research progress in the preparation and application of metal-based mesoporous solid bases(including MgO,hydrotalcite-like compounds, modified-Al2O3,modified-ZrO2, and modified-CeO2), which is basically grouped by the metal type and illustrated with typical examples. The advantage, disadvantages and mechanisms for four main synthesis methods, including soft-template method, hard-template method, solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly(EISA) synthesis and solvent-free synthesis are discussed and compared in detail. Moreover, their applications in the fields of catalysis, energy storage and environment are briefly introduced as well. Finally, the existing problems of the preparing metal-based mesoporous oxides are briefly discussed, and the strategies are provided for the construction of novel metal-based mesoporous solid bases.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Preparation and application of matal-based mesoporous oxides

2.1 Mesoporous MgO

2.2 Mesoporous hydrotalcite-like

2.3 Mesoporous modified-Al2O3

2.4 Mesoporous modified-ZrO2

2.5 Mesoporous modified-CeO2

2.6 Others

3 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: metal-based solid bases, mesoporous, surfactant, template
()
图1 利用PDMS-PEO共聚物模板剂合成介孔MgO示意图[11]
Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of the synthesis of mesoporous MgO using PDMS-PEO copolymer as a template[11]
图2 (1)蜂巢(a, b)[11]、(2)蠕虫微孔(c, d)[12]、(3)多层(e, f)[26]与(4)纳米线(g, h)[29]状介孔MgO的SEM与TEM图
Fig. 2 The TEM and SEM images of mesoporous MgO with different structure:(a)honeycomb[11];(2)wormhole-like micropores(3)hierarchical microspheres;(4)nanowire[11,12,26,29]
表1 不同方法制备的介孔MgO的有关性能
Table 1 The properties of the reported mesoporous MgO using different synthetic methods
Precursors Template Synthetic
method		 Mesoporous
structure		 Surface area
(m2·g-1)		 Pore volume
(m3·g-1)		 Pore size
(nm)		 ref
Mg(NO3)2 PDMS-PEO soft template wormhole-like 79.6 0.218 13.2 11
MgO P123 soft template flower-like 297 0.42 7.6 12
Mg(NO3)2 SDS soft template leaf-like 321.3 0.3 1.88 13
Mg(NO3)2 P123 soft template leaf-like 305.7 0.42 2.78 13
Mg(NO3)2 PVP soft template leaf-like 302.3 0.36 2.40 13
Mg(NO3)2 CTAB soft template leaf-like 341.4 0.49 2.90 13
MgCl2 CTAB-SDS soft template rod-shaped 180 1.48 19 14
MC/Mg(Ac)2 PVP electrospinning fiber-like 113.2 - - 16
Mg(NO3)2 Carbon aerogel hard template spherical 154 0.66 12.6 17
MgSO4 carbon hard template flake-like 216.9 3~25 - 18
Mg(NO3)2 CMK-3 hard template hexagonal 280 0.52 7.0 19
Mg(NO3)2 CMK-3 hard template hexagonal 306 0.51 5.6 20
Mg(Ac)2 Cotton fibres hard template slit-like 165 0.21 6.0 21
Mg(Ac)2 ethanol free template worm-like 131 ± 2 0.24 ± 0.043 3.6 ± 2 22
MgCl2 water/ethanol free template nanoplate-like 373.2 0.71 2.0 23
Mg(NO3)2 water free template hexagonal 190 0.222 11.4 24
Mg(Ac)2 water free template rugby-like 230 0.49 5.65 25
MgCl2 water free template rugby-like 122 0.57 - 26
Mg(NO3)2 water free template bowl-like 230 0.27 6.0 27
Mg(NO3)2 water free template - 193 0.51 14.9 28
Mg(Ac)2 water free template spherical-like 194.17 - 7.7 29
图3 不同焙烧温度下合成Zn-Al样品的SEM图[31]
Fig. 3 The SEM images of Zn-Al hydrotalcites at different calcination temperature[31]
图4 金属氧化物修饰的介孔γ- Al2O3的制备[55]
Fig. 4 The synthesis of mesoporous γ-Al2O3 functionalized with metal oxides[55]
图5 通过硬模板法合成介孔Na修饰的ZrO2[63]
Fig. 5 The synthesis of Na-modified mesoporous ZrO2 in a hard template process[63]
图6 合成多级空隙CeO2形成过程示意图(a)、N2吸附-脱附曲线(b)、SEM(c,d)与TEM(e)图[79]
Fig. 6 Schematic illustration of synthesis process(a), N2 adsorption-desorption curves(b), SEM(c), (d)TEM, and (e) images of multi-scale porous CeO2[79]
图7 介孔CeO2合成示意图[80]
Fig. 7 Schematic illustration for the synthesis of mesoporous CeO2[80]
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