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Progress in Chemistry 2004, No.05 Previous issue Next issue

In this issue:

Review
Nanobubbles at the Solid/Water Interface
Zhang Xuehua,Hu Jun*5
2004, 16 (05): 673- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
Bubbles at nanometer scale could not exist stably according to classic theories. A lot of recent experi-mental results, however, have proven that there are nanobubbles at solid/water interface. The images of atomic force mi-croscopy ( AFM ) in liquids revealed nanobubbles adsorbed on solid surfaces and provided the direct evidence for their ex-istence . The presence of nanobubbles at the solid/liquid interface may be related to some important interfacial phenome-na , for example the hydrophobic attraction and the slippage of simple fluids near a wall. So it has profound meanings in surface science, hydrodynamics, biology and many application fields. At present the study of nanobubbles is on the ini-tial stage and researchers have paid enough attention to its influence. In this article the indirect and direct evidence for the presence of nanobubbles and the basic properties of nanobubbles, including its formation mechanism, morphography and distribution, are reviewed. And the influence of nanobubbles on the long-rang hydrophobic interaction, fluid slippage and some biological problems is discussed.
Progress on the Preparation of Nanosized Alloy Materials
Chen Hongjie,Li Zhiwei,Zhao Yanbao,Zhang Zhijun**,Dang Hongxin
2004, 16 (05): 682- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
In this paper, the preparation methods and recent advances of study on nanosized alloy materials are in-troduced. Some preparation methods involving ball milling(BM), reduction, ultrasound, pulsed electrodeposition, laser vaporization controlled condensation (LVCC) , hydrogen plasma-metal reaction and amorphous alloys nanocrystallization methods are outlined. Meanwhile, the principles, characteristics and influencing factors of each method are reviewed. The existing technical problems as well as the development trend of the above methods are discussed.
Rheological Properties of Lyotropic Liquid Crystal
Feng Shanghua,Wang Hongxia,Zhang Gaoyong**,Xie Xinling
2004, 16 (05): 687- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
The rheological properties of lyotropic liquid crystals, hexagonal, cubic and lamellar phases are sum-marized . The characteristics and theoretical models of the rheology of the lyotropic liquid crystal are described. The mod-el of the cubic phase of lyotropic and the shear induced transition of the lamellar phase are discussed. The similar transi-tion has been observed both in surfactant and block co-polymer.
Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) to Combinatorial Chemistry
Yao Nianhuan,He Wenyi,Liu Gang*,Kit S. Lam
2004, 16 (05): 696- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
The analytical method that has the greatest impact on science is nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It is widely used in amny fields. Combining author's research, the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to combinatorial chemistry, including applications of NMR to solid phase synthesis, analysis in solution and screening by NMR are reviewed.
Progress of Coupling Solid-Phase Microextraction to Liquid Chromatography
Cai Yaqi,Liu Jiyan,Jiang Guibin**
2004, 16 (05): 708- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
Recently, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has been coupled with high performance liquid chroma-tography (HPLC) to determine non-volatile and thermally unstable compounds. The present paper reviews the status of SPME coupled with HPLC. It is emphasized that the coupling of SPME-HPLC is used for environmental and pharmaceuti-cal analysis.
Advances of Layered Zirconium Phosphate Application
Geng Lina,Xiang Minghui,Li Na*,Li Kean
2004, 16 (05): 717- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
The physical and chemical properties of layered inorganic compounds are summarized. The recent progress of layered zirconium phosphate in the fields of optics, electrics, catalysis and molecular recognition is reviewed.
Application of Zeolites in Photocatalysis
Zhang Xianghua,Li Wenzhao**,Xu Hengyong,Liu Hong
2004, 16 (05): 728- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
Photocatalysis has been paid great attention since it was first explored in 1972 in order to generate hydro-gen from water utilizing the solar energy. From the literature, it can be seen that any effort to improve the activity of the photocatalyst or to obtain new effective catalyst is always recommended and encouraged. Zeolites, widely applied in the fields of catalysis, adsorption and separation, are expected to show effective photocatalytic activity due to their special structure and properties. In this review, the merits of zeolite-based photocatalysts and the study status of the application of zeolites in photocatalysis have been introduced and highlighted respectively. Also the significance and promise of this photocatalyst are covered.
Effects of Metal Ion Dopants on TiO2 Photocatalysis
Luan Yong,Fu Pingfeng,Dai Xuegang*,Du Zhuwei
2004, 16 (05): 738- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
The processs of TiO2 photocatalytic reaction can be divided into four interactional steps in order of generation of charges by illumination, migration of the charges, reaction of the charges with the adsorbed species on the surface of TiO2 and the reaction in the solution. All of the four steps are intensively influenced by metal ion dopants in TiO2 . Proper doping of metal ions leads to enhancement of TiO2 photocatalytic activity. The state-of-art advances in this research area are summarized, and a general analysis and induction on the effects of doped metal ions in TiO2 on its photocatalytic characteristics, which include absorption of light, migration of illuminated charges, reactions on the surface of TiO2, particle sizes of TiO2, and crystalline transformation in terms of improvement of TiO2 photocatalytic properties and optimization of its photocatalysis are given. Based on this general survey, future research emphasis is suggested. And doping methods and characterization of TiO2 photocatalyst are also outlined.
Progress in the Synthesis of Natural Gas Hydrate
Dai Miao,Zhou Li**,Zhou Yaping
2004, 16 (05): 747- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
Natural gas hydrate (NGH) , known also as flammable ice, is a clathrate compound formed by natural gas and water under conditions of low temperature and high pressure. Great quantity of natural NGH was discovered in frozen earth and beneath seawater, which is a succeeded natural source of clean fuels. However, its exploitation is not yet on schedule due to technical difficulty. Artificial synthesis of natural gas hydrate is, on the other hand, an important topic of research. As many as 164 m~3 natural gas can be released from 1m~3 NGH; therefore, NGH provides a compact way of transportation or storage of natural gas, which would be a great progress in the NGV technology. The fundamental property of NGH and the progress made in the experiments of artificial synthesis of NGH is presently introduced.
Progress and Development in the Selective Oxidation of Propane to Hydrocarbon Oxygenates
Hu Rongrong,Zhong Shunhe**
2004, 16 (05): 751- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
On the basis of the analysis of thermodynamics and dynamics, the progress and development in the selective oxidation of propane using thermo- and photo-stimulated surface catalytic technology with different catalysts have been discussed. An effective way of using photo-catalytic technology, greenhouse gases CO_2 and n-p type coupled semiconductor in the selective oxidation of propane to hydrocarbon oxygenates has been presented, which will further expand the application of propane and carbon dioxide.
Advances in Oxidations of Liquid Alcohols into the Corresponding Carbonyls under Mild Conditions
Chen Lin,Xu Chuanzhi,Xia Chungu*,Feng Yanhua
2004, 16 (05): 758- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
A review is presented on the progress in catalytic oxidation of liquid alcohols into the corresponding carbonyls under mild conditions. The homogeneous catalysts, liquid-solid heterogeneous catalysts, organic/aqueous biphasic catalysts, flourous biphasic catalysts and ionic liquid phase catalysts are descrided. The emphasis is placed on the catalytic systems with O_2 as the oxidant.
Studies on the Asymmetric Aziridination
Wu Hugjiltu,Xin Chungu**,Sun Wei,Xu Liwen
2004, 16 (05): 766- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
The recent progress in the asymmetric aziridination of prochiral olefines and imines espeically with empha-sis on the chiral catalysts and nitrogen or carbon transfer reagents during last two decades is summarized in this review.
Thiourea-based Receptors for Anion Recognition and Sensing

Wu Fangying1,2,Wen Zhenchang1,Jiang Yunbao1**

2004, 16 (05): 776- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
Anion recognition and sensing have been developed into an important research subject in supramolecular chemistry. Noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction, etc. are the most important binding forces existing in the anion-receptor binding complexes, which forms the basis of designing anion binding receptors. The design, construction and anion recognition and sensing of thiourea-based receptors following mainly multi hydrogen bonding interactions are reviewed. 51 key references were cited to represent the related advances in the past 5 years.
Progress in the Folate Coenzyme Participated Reaction of One-Carbon Unit Transfer
Qiao Qingan,Cai Zhengting**,Feng Dacheng
2004, 16 (05): 785- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
The molecular structure of tetrahydrofolate coenzyme and the biological functions of one-carbon unit transfer reactions are summed up briefly in this paper. The progress in enzymatic one-carbon unit transfer research, as well as the main questions that remain unresolved in this research field is reviewed both experimentally and theoretically. The further theoretical study of such reactions in the future by means of quantum chemistry and molecule mechanisms is prospected.
Studies of Secretase Inhibitors of Amyloid-β Protein
Feng Song,He Xuchang,Bai Donglu*
2004, 16 (05): 791- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
The accumulation of the β-amyloid protein (Aβ)in the brain is the central event leading to the develop-ment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) . Aβ are 40/42-residue fragment of the brain transmembrane protein β-amyloid pre-cursor protein (APP) , released by two proteases known as the β-and 7-secreases.β-secrease has been regarded as a pri-mary drug discovery target for AD therapy. The current understanding and recent progress in the design of inhibitors of this protease are discussed.
Preparation and Self-Assembly of Poly(ferrocenophane) Block Copolymer
Chen Tao,Wang Li**,Wang Jianjun,Jiang Guohua
2004, 16 (05): 797- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
The recent development of studies on preparation and self-assembly of poly (ferrocenophane) block co-polymer is reviewed. The methods and mechanisms of living anionic, transition metal catalyzed ring-opening polymeriza-tion(ROP), as well as structure, characterization and potential application of poly(ferrocenophane) self-assembly mi-celles are introduced.
Review on Preparation Method of Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) for PEMFC
Ma Jianxin,Yi Baolian**,Yu Hongmei,Hou Zhongjun,Zhang Huamin
2004, 16 (05): 804- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the key component of PEMFC. In this paper, the structure of the MEA is introduced briefly, and the fabrication of the MEA is classified into two modes according to the difference of the support of catalyst layer (CL), i.e. gas diffusion layer (GDL) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) acting as the support respectively. Both fabricating modes are reviewed systematically. The trend of the fabrication of MEA is discussed, and the mode of fabricating the CL on the PEM is considered to be the main one in the future.
Inorganic Biochemistry on CuZn Superoxide Dismutase Mutants and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Shen Tao,Zhang Tianle,Liu Changlin*
2004, 16 (05): 813- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
The structure-function relationships of CuZn superoxide dismutases (SODl) are briefly reviewed. The biological inorganic chemistry of SODl mutants and neurodegenerative diseases, in particular the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is discussed in detail. It's reasonable to propose that the oxidative damage and aggregation resulted from the structural and metal-binding variations in SODl mutants are one of the key factors that cause ALS.
High Density Recordable Optical Disk Storage Materials: Metal Porphyrin Complexes
Chen Zhimin1,Zuo Xia1,Wu Yiqun1,2**
2004, 16 (05): 820- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
Metal porphyrin complexes possess good optical properties at 400—650 nm, and have been consider as novel high density recordable optical disk storage materials. Based on the summary of latest research results, the structure features, the synthesis methods and the mechanism as high density recordable optical recording media of metal porphyrin complexes are described. The main affecting factors of the complexes on optical storage properties are discussed and the future development are prospected.
Recent Developments of Protonic Conductors with Perovskite-type Structure
Wang Jide,Su Xintai,Liu Ruiquan*,Hu Yunxia,Xie Yahong,Yue Fan
2004, 16 (05): 829- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
A brief overview of the state of the art of HTPC with perovskite-type and complex perovskite-type structure is given. The methods of preparation and synthesis are introduced. The conduction mechanism is analyzed in detail. Research development and applications in gas sensors, fuel cells, hydrogenation and dehydrogenation, as well as synthesis of ammonia at atmospheric pressure are reviewed.
The Important Topics in Inorganic Cytochemistry
Yang Xiaoda,Zhang Tianlan,Wang Kui**
2004, 16 (05): 836- |
Published: 14 October 2004
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Abstract
For the purpose of exploring the complexity of life and solving the practical problems, study of chemical reactions on the cellular level is becoming a new trend in the field of biological chemical researches. Cell is the basic form of life, existing in a variety of states such as in different phases of cell cycle, under differentiation, and circumstantial stresses, etc. When encountering chemical compounds, a cell can be regarded as a deliberately designed assembly of all sorts of molecules and supermolecules with multiple targets; the cell response is a multi-step complex chemical process comprising many specific reactions. Inorganic cytochemistry studies inorganic reactions inside cells and the mechanisms by which inorganic compounds regulate or interfere the cellular processes, including binding of inorganic species to the cell membrane and the effects on membrane structure, the cellular metabolism and transport of inorganic compounds across biological membranes and barriers, coupling of inorganic reactions with cellular signal transduction, the effects of inorganic species on metabolism of free radicals, and the interaction of cell with inorganic particles and solid surfaces. The current topics in inorganic cytochemical studies are discussed.