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化学进展 2021, Vol. 33 Issue (10): 1812-1822 DOI: 10.7536/PC200920 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

硫化零价铁去除水中污染物的效能及交互机制

顾凯丽1,2, 李浩贞1,2, 张晋华1,2, 李锦祥1,2,*()   

  1. 1 南京理工大学环境与生物工程学院 南京 210094
    2 化工污染控制与资源化江苏省高校重点实验室 南京 210094
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-09 修回日期:2020-10-09 出版日期:2021-10-20 发布日期:2020-11-30
  • 通讯作者: 李锦祥
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51708416); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(30919011267); 污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室开放课题(PCRRF19005)
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Performances and Interactions of Contaminants Removal from Water by Sulfidated Zerovalent Iron

Kaili Gu1,2, Haozhen Li1,2, Jinhua Zhang1,2, Jinxiang Li1,2()   

  1. 1 School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
    2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing 210094, China
  • Received:2020-09-09 Revised:2020-10-09 Online:2021-10-20 Published:2020-11-30
  • Contact: Jinxiang Li
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(51708416); Fundamental Research Founds for the Central Universities(30919011267); State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation(PCRRF19005)

如何同步提升零价铁去除水中污染物的反应速率和电子选择性已成为近年研究热点。基于无氧体系下硫化能通过抑制零价铁与水之间的副反应而改善体系还原除污染物效能,系统概括了不同硫化方式、硫化药剂和硫化程度合成的硫化零价铁理化特征,并揭示了其与硫化零价铁在不同水氧环境下去除不同污染物反应活性和电子选择性的交互机制。硫化能够主要通过调控界面亲疏水和导电性能而实现改善零价铁除污染的效能,其提升表现主要依赖于硫化程度,而与硫化方式、硫化药剂相关性较低。最后,展望了基于硫化零价铁的水污染控制技术在地下水修复和工业废水处理的应用前景。

关键词： 硫化, 零价铁, 反应活性, 电子选择性, 理化特征

In recent years, synchronously mediating the reactivity and electron selectivity(ES) of zerovalent iron(ZVI) toward target contaminant has been of great interest but challenging to researchers. Sulfidation can suppress the side reaction of ZVI with water under anaerobic conditions and thus improve the ES toward target contaminants. As such, this review systematically summarizes the physicochemical characteristics of sulfidated ZVI(S-ZVI) as function of the sulfidation approaches, reagents and extents. Then, this work analyzes the interactions of contaminants removal by S-ZVI. Typically, the sulfidation can tune the electrical conductivity and/or hydrophobicity of ZVI, thereby enhancing the reactivity and ES toward target contaminants under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, which is strongly dependent on S/Fe molar ratio but without regard to the approaches and reagents of sulfidation. Finally, the application potentials of S-ZVI for groundwater remediation and wastewater treatment are also outlooked.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Preparations and morphology of S-ZVI

2.1 One-step synthesis

2.2 Two-step synthesis

2.3 Ball-milling synthesis

3 Surface and bulk characteristics of S-ZVI

3.1 Surface information

3.2 Valence state and distribution of S/Fe

3.3 Bulk contents of S and Fe

4 Physical and chemical properties of S-ZVI

4.1 Conductivity

4.2 Hydrophobicity

4.3 H2 evolution rate

5 Decontamination performances of S-ZVI

5.1 Reactivity

5.2 Electron selectivity

6 Engineering applications

7 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: sulfidation, zerovalent iron, reactivity, electron selectivity, physicochemical characteristic
()
图1 S-ZVI(a) 一步法,(b) 两步法,(c) 球磨法合成示意图以及对应(d) S-nZVIone-step的SEM[41]和TEM[42],(e) S-nZVItwo-step的SEM[43]和TEM[28],(f) S-mZVIbm的SEM[44]
Fig. 1 Schematic diagrams of the synthesis methods of S-ZVI and its morphology and structure.(a) one-step method,(b) two-step method,(c) ball milling method;(d) SEM[41] and TEM[42] images of S-nZVIone-step,(e) SEM[43] and TEM[28] images of S-nZVItwo-step,(f) SEM[44] image of S-mZVIbm
图2 不同硫化方法及S/Fe摩尔比下S-ZVI颗粒的(a) 比表面积[36,42,54,56⇓⇓ ~59,67];(b) 相关表面信息[36,42,55]
Fig. 2 (a) Specific surface area[36,42,54,56⇓⇓ ~59,67] and(b) related surface information of S-ZVI particles under different sulfide-modified methods and S/Fe molar ratios[36,42,55]
图3 硫化方法与S/Fe摩尔比对S-ZVI颗粒(a) 表面硫铁形态分布[49,53,54,57,61];(b) 表面硫铁含量[39,54,59]的影响
Fig. 3 Effects of sulfide-modified methods and S/Fe molar ratios on(a) S speciation and Fe speciation on the surfac e [49,53,54,57,61];(b) the content of S and Fe0 on the surface[39,54,59] of S-ZVI particles
图4 硫化方法与S/Fe 摩尔比对S-ZVI的(a) 拟合电阻[39,28,53,54];(b) 接触角[39,57];(c) H2释放速率[36,39,57,63]
Fig. 4 Effects of sulfide-modified methods and S/Fe molar ratios on(a) the fitted resistance[28,39,53,54](b) contact angle[39,57];(c) H2 evolution rate[36,39,57,63] of S-ZVI
图5 不同硫化方法与S/Fe摩尔比下S-ZVI去除污染物的(a) 比表面积归一化常数[30,31,36,42,54,59,64]及(b) 电子效率[28,30,39,54,57,61,67,68]
Fig. 5 (a) Surface-area-normalized rate constant[30,31,36,42,54,59,64] and(b) electron efficiency of contaminants removal by S-ZVI under different sulfide-modified methods and S/Fe molar ratios[28,30,39,54,57,61,67,68]
图6 S-nZVI用于原位地下水修复的实地研究[70]
Fig. 6 A field study of S-nZVI for in situ groundwater remediation[70]
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