| Sensing system | Detection target | Mechanism | Linear range | Limit of detection | Non interfering substances | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ag2S/Ag@MoS2 | rhodamine 6G | surface-enhanced Raman scattering | - | 0.01 μM | - | |
| BPNS-PEI-TsNiPc | crystal violet | surface-enhanced Raman scattering | - | - | - | |
| Cu-MoS2-based antibody fragments electrode | 3-phenoxybenzoic acid | electrochemical biosensing | - | 3.8 μM | - | |
| ZIF-8/NH2-MIL-53(Al) | doxycycline | fluorescence sensing | 0.004~38.5 mg/L | 1.2 μg/L | 9 inorganic anions and 7 antibiotics | |
| tetracycline | 0.004~25.7 mg/L | 1.2 μg/L | ||||
| oxytetracycline | 0.004~32.1 mg/L | 1.2 μg/L | ||||
| chlortetracycline | 0.005~25.7 mg/L | 2.2 μg/L | ||||
| {[Eu2Na(Hpdbb) (pdbb)2(CH3COO)2]· 2.5DMA}n | nitrofurazone | fluorescence sensing | 0~100 μM | 0.64 μM | 9 inorganic anions and 5 antibiotics | |
| nitrofurantoin | 0~80 μM | 0.68 μM | ||||
| furazolidone | 0~80 μM | 1.06 μM | ||||
| $\mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}^{2-}$ | 0~500 μM | 5.35 μM | ||||
| 0~800 μM | 5.99 μM | |||||
| BiVO4/Ti3C2TX | Hg2+ | photoelectrochemical sensing | 1 pM~2 nM | 1 pM | 8 metal ions | |
| MoS2-Pd | NO gas | electrochemical sensing | - | 0.1 ppm | NO2, H2S, NH3 | |
| Ag/H-ZIF-67/glassy carbon electrode | H2O2 | electrochemical sensing | 5 μM~7 mM or 7~67 mM | 1.1 μM | glucose, NaCl, citric acid, ascorbic acid | |
| GO NSs with PdO-WO3 NSs | H2S gas | electrochemical sensing | - | - | C2H5OH, C7H8, CH3COCH3, NH3, HCHO, CH3SH | |
| Au/MoS2 | acetone, ethanol, 2-propanol | electrochemical sensing | - | - | toluene, hexane, benzene | |
| Graphene/TiS3 | ethanol, methanol, acetone | electrochemical sensing | 2~12 ppm (for ethanol) | 2 ppm (for ethanol) | H2, CO, CH4 | |
| MoS2 FET with HfO2 and antibody | E. coli | electrochemical biosensing | - | 10 CFU/mL | P. aeruginosa | |
| Ti3C2-based 16S rDNA sensor | M. tuberculosis | electrochemical biosensing | 102~108 CFU/mL | 20 CFU/mL | 4 bacteria and BCG vaccine |
