| Method | Advantages | Disadvantages | ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Template | size and density can be controlled | need to remove the template; restricted by the template | |
| Electrospinning | high specific surface and porosity; | devices are complicated; materials are restricted | |
| Liquid-liquid phase separation | variety of methods; high flexibility | size and density cannot be controlled precisely | |
| Etching | porosity and pore-size are independent parameters | complex process, poor reproducibility and expensive equipment |
