| Synthesized routes | Composition of starting materials | Temperature/ ℃ | Time/h | Atmosphere | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pressureless sintering | V∶Al∶C=2∶1.3∶1 | 1500 | 4 | Ar | |
| Hot pressed sintering | V∶Al∶C=2∶1.2∶0.9 | 1400 | 1 | Ar | |
| Spark plasma sintering | V∶Al∶C=2∶1.5∶1 | 1350 | - | - | |
| Microwave sintering | V∶Al∶C=2∶1.5∶1 | 1300 | - | - | |
| Molten salt synthesis | VC∶V∶Al∶NaCl∶KCl = 1∶1∶1.1∶4∶4 | 1100 | 3 | Ar |
