1 引言
2 伽马射线与物质的相互作用
3 高Z伽马射线复合屏蔽材料研究进展
3.1 高Z玻璃基伽马射线复合屏蔽材料
表1 典型高Z玻璃基伽马射线复合屏蔽材料及其性能参数Table 1 Typical glass-based gamma-ray composite shielding materials with high Z number and their performance parameters |
Chemical composition | Physical property | Gamma energy (MeV) | Shielding performance | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
80 mol% TeO2-20 mol% TiO2 | ρ: 5.27, Vm: 27.26 | 0.2 | μ/ρ: 0.28, μ: 1.52, HVL: 0.032 | 20 |
54.6 wt% TeO2-22.6 wt% WO3-22.8 wt% Bi2O3 | ρ: 6.381 | 2 | μ/ρ: 0.044, HVL: 2.24 | 25 |
54 mol% TeO2-27.6 mol% B2O3-7.9 mol% CaO-10 mol% CaF2- 0.5 mol% Yb2O3 | ρ: 4.46 | 0.347 | μ/ρ: 0.123, μ: 0.551 | 26 |
45 mol% B2O3-25 mol% Bi2O3-15 mol% ZnO-15 mol% Na2O | ρ: 7.94, Vm: 16.41 | 2.4 | HVL: 1.98, MFP: 2.51 | 29 |
20 mol% B2O3-40 mol% Bi2O3-30 mol% PbO-10 mol% Li2O | ρ: 5.94 | 0.1 | μ/ρ: 4.849, HVL: 0.024 | 30 |
36 wt% B2O3-40 wt% PbO-20 wt% ZnO-4 wt% CaMg(CO3)2 | ρ: 3.868 | 0.356 | μ: 0.638, HVL: 1.23 | 31 |
30 mol% LiF-10 mol% SrO-59.75 mol% B2O3-0.25 mol% Cr2O3 | ρ: 2.563 | 0.356 | μ/ρ: 0.0971, HVL: 2.75 | 34 |
40 mol % B2O3-30 mol % Na2O-20 mol %ZnO-10 mol %WO3 | ρ: 3.01, Vm: 28.45 | 0.2 | μ: 0.84, HVL: 0.853, MFP: 1.23 | 35 |
20 mol% B2O3-10 mol% ZnO-10 mol% MgO-60 mol% Bi2O3 | ρ: 7.107 | 0.3 | μ/ρ: 0.344, HVL: 0.52 | 36 |
20 mol% CaO-10 mol% K2O-20 mol% Na2O-50 mol% P2O5 | ρ: 2.2251 | 0.661 | μ/ρ: 0.075 | 40 |
38 mol% P2O5-20 mol% B2O3-5 mol% Al2O3-25 mol% Na2O-12 mol% CoO | ρ: 2.785 | 0.356 | μ/ρ: 0.1, HVL: 2.51 | 43 |
35 mol% P2O5-50 mol% BaO-15 mol% WO3 | ρ: 4.45, Vm: 36.2 | 0.2 | μ: 1.81, μ/ρ: 0.34, HVL: 0.45 | 45 |
Parameter: ρ: density (g/cm3); Vm: molar volume (cm3mol-1); μ/ρ: mass attenuation coefficient (cm2/g); μ: linear attenuation coefficients (cm-1); HVL: half value layer (cm); MFP: mean free path (cm). |
3.2 高Z聚合物基伽马射线复合屏蔽材料
表2 典型的高Z聚合物基伽马射线复合屏蔽材料及其性能参数Table 2 Typical polymer-based gamma-ray composite shielding materials with high Z number and their performance parameters |
Chemical composition | Mechanical property | Gamma energy (MeV) | Shielding performance | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
57.8 wt% Bi2O3/NR | σb: 20.13, δ: 640 | 0.662 | μ/ρ: 0.118, HVL: 3.67 | 55 |
65 wt% Bi4Ti3O12/ER | Hs: 84.01 | 0.1 | μ/ρ: 5.4 | 58 |
10 wt% W/10 wt% BNNS/LDPE | σe: 0.68, σs: 8.5 | 0.662 | μ: 0.082, μ/ρ: 0.083 | 59 |
50 wt% Sm2O3/UHMWPE | σb: 20.0, δ: 117 | 0.334 | μ/ρ: 0.149, HVL: 2.726 | 64 |
21 wt% Sm2O3/16.5 wt% acetone/62.5 wt% PI | σb: 200, σe: 24 | 0.662 | Sγ: 42.4(THK: 50) | 66 |
1.7 wt% DyB2O2/LDPE | σy: 203.7, σb: 12.3, δ: 82.7 | 0.1 | μ: 10.45, μ/ρ: 1.15 | 71 |
30 wt% HOFA/ER | σy: 1940 | 0.11 | μ: 0.204, HVL: 3.37 | 74 |
14 wt% Bi2O3/DGEBA | σb: 326, δ: 1.8 | 0.356 | μ/ρ: 0.15 | 75 |
40 wt% PWO@SMA/PVA | σb: 3.4 | 0.105 | Sγ: 31.13(THK: 2) | 76 |
60 wt% WO3/SR | σy: 3.41, σb: 4.295 | 0.06 | μ: 3.9, μ/ρ: 1.68 | 78 |
Parameter: σy: young's modulus (GPa); σb: tensile strength (MPa); δ: elongation at break (%); Hs: shore hardness (HD); σe: elastic modulus (GPa); σs: yield strength (MPa); THK: thickness of sample (cm); Sγ: gamma shielding rate (%); Sn: neutron shielding rate (%); μ/ρ: mass attenuation coefficient (cm2/g); μ: linear attenuation coefficients (cm-1); HVL: half value layer (cm). |
3.3 高Z金属基伽马射线复合屏蔽材料
表3 典型的高Z金属基伽马射线复合屏蔽材料及其性能参数Table 3 Typical metal-based composite shielding materials with high Z number and their performance parameters |
Chemical composition | Physical property | Gamma energy (MeV) | Shielding Performance | ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
85 wt%W/15 wt%Cu | ρ: 16.37 | 0.276 | Sγ: 54.7(THK: 2.7) | 91 |
2.4 wt% B4C/NiCoFeCrW | σb: 1740, Hv: 474 | 0.4 | MFP: 0.52 | 100 |
60Pb/20Sn/10Zn/10Cd (mol%) | ρ: 9.781 | 0.662 | μ/ρ: 0.101 | 104 |
50 wt%Bi/40 wt%Sn/10 wt%Zn | ρ: 8.649 | 0.662 | μ/ρ: 0.0938, μ: 0.8113 | 105 |
Fe0.95Se0.5Te0.5 | ρ: 5.7971 | 0.662 | μ/ρ: 0.07527 | 106 |
Parameter: σb: tensile stress (MPa) ; Hν: vickers hardness (HV) ; ρ: density (g/cm3); THK: thickness of sample (mm); μ: linear attenuation coefficients (cm-1);μ/ρ: mass attenuation coefficient (cm2/g); HVL: half value layer (cm); MFP: mean free path (cm); Sγ: gamma shielding rate (%). |