English
往期目录
新闻公告
More
化学进展 2009, Vol. 21 Issue (0203): 550-557 前一篇   后一篇

• 环境化学专辑 •

电子垃圾的污染问题*

彭平安**; 盛国英; 傅家谟   

  1. (中国科学院广州地球化学研究所　广州510640)
  • 收稿日期:2009-02-18 出版日期:2009-03-24 发布日期:2009-04-03
  • 通讯作者: 彭平安 E-mail:pinganp@gig.ac.cn
下载PDF ( 2366 ) 引用
导出

The Pollution by Electronic and Electric Wastes

Peng Ping'an**; Sheng Guoying; Fu Jiamo   

  1. (Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China)
  • Received:2009-02-18 Online:2009-03-24 Published:2009-04-03
  • Contact: Peng Ping'an E-mail:pinganp@gig.ac.cn

本文对电子垃圾的污染问题作了简要的概述与讨论。电子垃圾中含有人类需要的金属、塑料、阻燃剂等可回收利用物质，但如处理不当将向环境排放几百种有毒有害物质。在这些污染物中，二次污染物是研究得比较少的。电子垃圾的处理方法可按目的进行分类，即以环境保护和资源回收利用为目的的两种处理方法。目前多数处理方法不能达到两者的最优兼顾。中国粗放式的电子垃圾处理方式已造成严重的环境污染与人体健康问题，包括重金属、含溴阻燃剂，二噁英、多氯联苯污染等，应引起环保部门的高度关注。电子垃圾的研究历史不长，还存在很多值得研究的问题，例如：污染物的释放动力学、处理过程中二次污染物形成机制、污染物在自然环境中的迁移转化规律、含溴污染物的生态毒理学等。可以预计电子垃圾的污染研究是新世纪环境科学的一件大事。

关键词： 电子垃圾, 处理方式, 含溴污染物, 含氯污染物, 重金属

This paper reviews the environmental pollution caused by electronic and electric Wastes (EWs). EWs contain valuable materials such as heavy metals, plastics and flame retardants, etc., which can be easily but not environmental friendly recycled. Improper recycling processes may release several hundreds of hazard materials into environment. Among them, the second pollutants produced in recycling are less concerned and need more investigations. Disposal methods of EWs can be divided into two catalogues, e.g., those are based on the environmental protection and those are based on the recycling of valuable materials. Up-to-date, the available methods can't balance the two aspects. The primitive disposal of EWs in China had resulted in severe environmental pollution and human health problems in the dismantling areas. The concentration of heavy metals, brominated flame retardants and chlorinated and brominated dioxins are much higher in atmosphere, soil, river and biota. The control of EWs pollution seems to be an important task for environmental protection. The study of EWs pollution only started ten years ago. The many research areas, therefore, are still blank and need to be studied. The researches in the future may direct to the releasing kinetics of brominated pollutants, formation of second pollutants, natural attenuation and toxicology of brominated pollutants, etc.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Hazard materials in electronic and electric wastes (EWs)
3 The disposals of EWs and pollutants emission
3.1 Brief introduction of EW disposal methods
3.2 Pollutant emission during the disposals of EWs
4 Pollution in the EWs dismantling areas in China
5 Research areas meriting further investigation
6 Summary

Key words: electronic (electric) wastes, recycling processes, brominated pollutants, chlorinated pollutants, heavy metals

中图分类号: 

()

[ 1 ] 　Williams E. The Third Workshop on Material Cycles and Waste Management in Asia. Tsukuba , Japan : National Institute of Environmental Sciences , 2005
[ 2 ] 　Kahhat R , Kim J , Xu M, et al . Resources , Conservation and Recycling , 2008 , 52 : 955 —964
[ 3 ] 　王育松(Wang Y S) . 机械管理开发(Mechanical Management and Development) , 2008 , 23 : 167 —168
[ 4 ] 　王红梅(Wang H M) , 张金良(Zhang J L) , 王先良(Wang X L)等. 环境科学与管理( Environmental Science and Management) ,2008 , 33 : 1 —3
[ 5 ] 　Davis G, Herat S. Resources , Conservation and Recycling , 2008 ,52 : 1031 —1039
[ 6 ] 　李玉文(Li YW) , 郭军(Guo J ) ,尤铁学( You T X) . 林区教学(Teaching of Forestry Region) , 2008 , 130 : 90 —92
[ 7 ] 　孙朋(Sun P) , 于云江(Yu YJ ) , 李定龙(Li D L) 等. 环境与健康杂志(Journal of Environment and Health) , 2008 , 25 : 452 —455
[ 8 ] 　秦玉芳(Qin Y F) , 曾明敏(Zeng MM) ,苗向阳(Miao X Y) . 科技资讯(Science & Technology Information) , 2007 , 98
[ 9 ] 　林康(Lin K) . 能源与环境( Energy and Environment ) , 2007 ,79 —80
[10 ] 　周英涛(Zhou Y T) , 王海鹏(Wang H P) , 刘敏(Liu M) 等. 环境科学与技术( Environmental Science & Technology) , 2005 , 28 :125 —126
[11 ] 　Gregory J R , Kirchain R E. Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics & the Environment ,Conference Record , 2007 , 227 —232
[12 ] 　徐金球(Xu J Q) , 马红(Ma H) , 王景伟(Wang J W) 等. 上海第二工业大学学报( Journal of Shanghai Second Polytechnic University) , 2007 , 24 : 263 —270
[13 ] 　Alaee M, Arias P , Sjodin A , et al . Environment International ,2003 , 29 : 683 —689
[14 ] 　Balabanovich A I , Hornung A , Merz D , et al . Polymer Degradation and Stability , 2004 , 85 : 713 —723
[15 ] 　Barontini F , Cozzani V. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis ,2006 , 77 : 41 —55
[16 ] 　Barontini F , Cozzani V , Marsanich K, et al . Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis , 2004 , 72 : 41 —53
[17 ] 　Carlsson H , Nilsson U , Becker G, et al . Environmental Science & Technology , 1997 , 31 : 2931 —2936
[18 ] 　Luda M P , Balabanovich A I , Camino G, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis , 2002 , 65 : 25 —40
[19 ] 　Barontini F , Marsanich K, Petarca L , et al . Environmental Science and Technology , 2004 , 43 : 1952 —1961
[20 ] 　Wichmann H , Dettmer F T, Bahadir M. Chemosphere , 2002 , 47 :349 —355
[21 ] 　Wong C S C , Duzgoren-Aydin N S , Aydin A , et al . Environmental Pollution , 2007 , 148 : 62 —72
[22 ] 　Wong M H , Wu S C , Deng W J , et al . Environmental Pollution ,2007 , 149 : 131 —140
[23 ] 　Luo Q , Wong M H , Cai Z W. Talanta , 2007 , 72 : 1644 —1649
[24 ] 　Luo Q , Cai Z W, Wong M H. Science of the Total Environment ,2007 , 383 : 115 —127
[25 ] 　Leung A O W, Luksemburg WJ , Wong A S , et al . Environmental Science & Technology , 2007 , 41 : 2730 —2737
[26 ] 　Yu X Z, Gao Y, Wu S C , et al . Chemosphere , 2006 , 65 : 1500 —1509
[27 ] 　Liu H X, Zhou Q F , Wang YW, et al . Environment International ,2008 , 34 : 67 —72
[28 ] 　Deng WJ , Louie P K, Liu W K, et al . Atmospheric Environment ,2006 , 40 : 6945 —6955
[29 ] 　Li H R , Yu L P , Sheng G Y, et al . Environmental Science & Technology , 2007 , 41 : 5641 —5646
[30 ] 　Bi X H , Thomas G O , Jones K C , et al . Environmental Science & Technology , 2007 , 41 : 5647 —5653
[31 ] 　陈多宏(Chen D H) , 李丽萍(Li L P) , 毕新慧(Bi X H) 等. 环境科学(Environmental Science) , 2008 , 29 : 2105 —2110
[32 ] 　余莉萍(Yu L P) , 李会茹(Li H R) , 孟祥周(Meng X Z) 等. 环境污染与防治( Environmental Pollution & Control ) , 2008 , 30 :8 —11
[33 ] 　郑良楷(Zheng L K) , 霍霞(Huo X) , 齐宗利(Qi Z L) 等. 汕头大学医学院学报(Journal of Shantou University Medical College) ,2006 , 19 : 233 —235
[34 ] 　Huo X, Peng L , Xu XJ , et al . Environmental Health Perspectives ,2007 , 115 : 1113 —1117
[35 ] 　Li Y, Xu X J , Liu J X, et al . Science of the Total Environment ,2008 , 403 : 99 —104
[36 ] 　Zheng L K, Wu K S , Li Y, et al . Environmental Research , 2008 ,108 : 15 —20
[37 ] 　Yuan J , Chen L , Chen D H , et al . Environmental Science & Technology , 2008 , 42 : 2195 —2200
[38 ] 　居颖(Ju Y) , 陈兰(Chen L) , 苏萍(Su P) 等. 环境与健康杂志(Journal of Environment and Health) , 2008 , 25 : 499 —502
[39 ] 　Li YM, Jiang G B , Wang Y W, et al . Chinese Science Bulletin ,2008 , 53 : 521 —528
[40 ] 　李英明(Li YM) , 江桂斌(Jiang GB) , 王亚(Wang Y) 等. 科学通报(Chinese Science Bulletin) , 2008 , 53 : 165 —171
[41 ] 　Fu J J , Zhou Q F , Liu J M, et al . Chemosphere , 2008 , 71 : 1269 —1275
[42 ] 　Shen C F , Huang S B , Wang Z J , et al . Environmental Science & Technology , 2008 , 42 : 49 —55
[43 ] 　杨蕾(Yang L) , 骆坚平(Luo J P) , 王春霞(Wang C X) 等. 环境科学学报(Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae) , 2008 , 28 : 1131 —1135
[44 ] 　Zhao G, Xu Y, Han G, et al . Environmental Geochemistry and Health , 2006 , 28 : 341 —351
[45 ] 　Chan J K Y, Xing G H , Xu Y, et al . Environmental Science & Technology , 2007 , 41 : 7668 —7674
[46 ] 　Zhao G F , Wang Z J , Dong M H , et al . Science of the Total Environment , 2008 , 397 : 46 —57
[47 ] 　李克秋(Li KQ) , 李光(Li G) , 苗绪红(Miao X H) 等. 环境与健康杂志(Journal of Environment and Health) , 2008 , 25 : 124 —126
[48 ] 　刘强(Li Q) , 李克秋(Li KQ) , 苗绪红(Miao X H) 等. 中国工业医学杂志(Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine) , 2008 , 21 :67 —71
[49 ] 　Barontini F , Cozzani V , Petarca L. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis , 2003 , 70 : 353 —368
[50 ] 　Marongiu A , Bozzano G, Dente M, et al . Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis , 2007 , 80 : 325 —345
[51 ] 　Marsanich K, Zanelli S , Barontini F , et al . Thermochimica Acta ,2004 , 421 : 95 —103
[52 ] 　Oberg K, Warman K, Oberg T. Chemosphere , 2002 , 48 : 805 —809
[53 ] 　Voordeckers J W, Fennell D E , Jones K, et al . Environmental Science and Technology , 2002 , 36 : 696 —701
[54 ] 　Gerecke A C , Giger W, Hartmann P C , et al . Chemosphere , 2006 ,64 : 311 —317
[55 ] 　Gerecke A C , Hartmann P C , Heeb N V , et al . Environmental Science and Technology , 2005 , 39 : 1078 —1083
[56 ] 　Davis J W, Gonsior S , Marty G, et al . Water Research , 2005 , 39 :1075 —1084
[57 ] 　De Wit C A , Alaee M, Muir D C G. Chemosphere , 2006 , 64 :209 —233
[58 ] 　Verreault J , Gabrielsen GW, Chu S , et al . Environmental Science and Technology , 2005 , 39 : 6021 —6028
[59 ] 　Verreault J , Gebbink W A , Gauthier L T, et al . Environmental Science and Technology , 2007 , 41 : 4925 —4931
[60 ] 　Wang X M, Ding X, Mai B X, et al . Environmental Science and Technology , 2005 , 39 : 7803 —7809
[61 ] 　De Wit C A. Chemosphere , 2002 , 46 : 583 —624
[62 ] 　SchriksM, Vrabie C M, Gutleb A C , et al . Toxicology in Vitro ,2006 , 20 : 490 —498
[63 ] 　Kierkegaard A , Balk L , Tjarnlund U , et al . Environmental Science & Technology , 1999 , 33 : 1612 —1617
[1] 韩亚南, 洪佳辉, 张安睿, 郭若璇, 林可欣, 艾玥洁. MXene二维无机材料在环境修复中的应用[J]. 化学进展, 2022, 34(5): 1229-1244.
[2] 何安恩, 解姣姣, 苑春刚. 大气颗粒物重金属形态分析[J]. 化学进展, 2021, 33(9): 1627-1647.
[3] 谢勇, 韩明杰, 徐钰豪, 熊晨雨, 王日, 夏善红. 荧光内滤效应在环境检测领域的应用[J]. 化学进展, 2021, 33(8): 1450-1460.
[4] 陈冠益, 韩克旋, 刘彩霞, 旦增, 布多. 污泥中重金属处理方法[J]. 化学进展, 2021, 33(6): 998-1009.
[5] 杨世迎, 薛艺超, 王满倩. 络合态重金属废水处理:基于高级氧化技术的解络合机制[J]. 化学进展, 2019, 31(8): 1187-1198.
[6] 谭远铭, 孟皓, 张霞. 功能化MOFs及MOFs/聚合物复合膜在有机染料和重金属离子吸附分离中的应用[J]. 化学进展, 2019, 31(7): 980-995.
[7] 刘玥, 吴忆涵, 庞宏伟, 王祥学, 于淑君, 王祥科. 石墨相氮化碳材料在水环境污染物去除中的研究[J]. 化学进展, 2019, 31(6): 831-846.
[8] 陈贺, 张帅其, 赵致雪, 刘萌, 张庆瑞. 多巴胺功能材料在水污染控制中的应用[J]. 化学进展, 2019, 31(4): 571-579.
[9] 杨姗也, 王祥学, 陈中山, 李倩, 韦犇犇, 王祥科. 四氧化三铁基纳米材料制备及对放射性元素和重金属离子的去除[J]. 化学进展, 2018, 30(2/3): 225-242.
[10] 刘明学, 董发勤, 聂小琴, 丁聪聪, 何辉超, 杨刚. 光电子协同微生物介导的重金属离子还原与电子转移机理[J]. 化学进展, 2017, 29(12): 1537-1550.
[11] 孟德芃, 吴俊涛. 静电纺丝法制备新型吸附分离材料[J]. 化学进展, 2016, 28(5): 657-664.
[12] 傅骏青, 王晓艳, 李金花, 陈令新. 重金属离子印迹技术[J]. 化学进展, 2016, 28(1): 83-90.
[13] 刘榆, 傅瑞琪, 楼子墨, 方文哲, 王卓行, 徐新华. 功能化碳质材料的制备及其对水中重金属的去除[J]. 化学进展, 2015, 27(11): 1665-1678.
[14] 谭丽莎, 孙明洋, 胡运俊, 程丽华, 徐新华. 功能化纳米Fe3O4磁性材料的制备及其对水中重金属离子的去除[J]. 化学进展, 2013, 25(12): 2147-2158.
[15] 尉艳, 高超, 杨苒, 王伦, 刘锦淮, 黄行九. 纳米材料修饰电极在重金属离子检测中的应用[J]. 化学进展, 2012, 24(01): 110-121.
阅读次数
全文


摘要

电子垃圾的污染问题*