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化学进展 2023, Vol. 35 Issue (5): 699-708 DOI: 10.7536/PC220933 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

纳米碳分子——合成化学的魅力

鄢剑锋1, 徐进栋1, 张瑞影1, 周品2, 袁耀锋1,*(), 李远明1,*()   

  1. 1 福州大学化学学院 福州 350108
    2 福州大学电气工程与自动化学院 福州 350108
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-29 修回日期:2023-02-28 出版日期:2023-05-24 发布日期:2023-03-25
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(22071025)
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Nanocarbon Molecules — the Fascination of Synthetic Chemistry

Jianfeng Yan1, Jindong Xu1, Ruiying Zhang1, Pin Zhou2, Yaofeng Yuan1(), Yuanming Li1()   

  1. 1 College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
    2 College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
  • Received:2022-09-29 Revised:2023-02-28 Online:2023-05-24 Published:2023-03-25
  • Contact: * e-mail: Yaofeng_yuan@fzu.edu.cn(Yaofeng Yuan);Yuanming.li@fzu.edu.cn(Yuanming Li)
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22071025)

碳材料的发展极大地推动了人类科技的进步。碳材料通过碳原子之间不同的键合方式、结构和排列,使其具有丰富的性质,并且更多新型碳材料还不断地被发现或合成出来。作为新型碳材料的纳米碳分子由于其本身所拥有的潜在优良性质,在有机电子学、材料科学如生物材料等领域具有广阔的应用前景,因此被誉为是未来最有开发前景的材料。在过去的四十年里,新型纳米碳分子的发现和创造已彻底改变了碳材料的格局,打开了一扇通往全新科学领域的大门。本文重点介绍了近年来具有新颖拓扑结构的纳米碳分子的结构特征以及如何通过有机合成的手段对其进行精准构筑。

关键词： 纳米碳分子, 碳材料, 有机合成, 拓扑结构

The discovery and creation of new carbon materials have motivated the evolution of technology. Carbon is one of the central elements, due to the characteristics of carbon atoms and varying electron configurations, diverse molecules will be discovered and formed. The structures and arrangements of carbon atoms in molecules have a significant impact on their properties. Nanocarbon molecules, as novel carbon materials with excellent properties, have found promising applications in nanotechnology, electronics, optics, and biomedical fields. In the past four decades, the discovery and creation of new variety of nanocarbon materials have opened up a new path to advanced science and technology. This paper focuses on the study of the structural characteristics of nanocarbon molecules with novel topological structures, and the way to achieve full synthetic control over these structures that are reported in recent years.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Graphene nanoribbons

3 Negatively Curved Nanocarbons

4 Carbon nanorings and carbon nanobelts

4.1 Synthesis of carbon nanorings

4.2 Synthesis of carbon nanobelts

5 Other structures

6 Conclusion and perspectives

Key words: nanocarbon molecules, carbon materials, organic synthesis, topological structure
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图1 近年来碳材料家族的发展
Fig. 1 The recent development of the carbon materials
图2 不同类型的碳纳米条带
Fig. 2 Different types of graphene nanoribbons
图3 通过Suzuki-Miyaura偶联“自下而上”液相合成GNRs[18]
Fig. 3 The bottom-up synthesis of GNR by solution-phase polymerization via Suzuki-Miyaura coupling[18]
图4 通过Yamamoto偶联“自下而上”液相合成GNRs[19]
Fig. 4 The synthesis of a chiral-type GNR via Yamamoto coupling[19]
图5 一种马凯晶体或碳施瓦茨体的晶胞结构[20]
Fig. 5 The cellular structure of a Mackey crystal or a carbon Schwarz body, Copyright 2020, Progress in Chemistry[20]
图6 负曲率的纳米石墨烯的合成策略[22,23,31]
Fig. 6 Strategies for the synthesis of nanographene with negative curvature[22,23,31]
图7 以碳纳米环和碳纳米环带为模板合成碳纳米管[7]
Fig. 7 The synthesis of GNTs by “growth-from-template” approach[7]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society
图8 代表性的碳纳米环分子的合成[36?~38]
Fig. 8 The representative synthesis of CPPs[36?~38]
图9 近年来基于苯环单元的一些代表性纳米碳分子[40?????~46]
Fig. 9 Some representative nanocarbon molecules based on benzene rings[40?????~46]
图10 碳纳米环带的合成[48???~52]
Fig. 10 The synthesis of CNBs[48???~52]
图11 具有其他拓扑结构的碳纳米环带[53,54,56,57]
Fig. 11 The CNBs with other topological structures[53,54,56,57]
图12 其他新颖结构的碳纳米分子[58??~61]
Fig.12 Other nanocarbon molecules with novel topological structures[58??~61]
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纳米碳分子——合成化学的魅力