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化学进展 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (10): 2239-2253 DOI: 10.7536/PC220122 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

MXenes的制备及其在环境领域的应用

康淳1, 林延欣2, 景远聚1, 王新波1,*()   

  1. 1 山东大学环境科学与工程学院,山东 青岛 266237
    2 青岛恒源热电有限公司,山东 青岛 266510
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-19 修回日期:2022-03-11 出版日期:2022-10-24 发布日期:2022-04-01
  • 通讯作者: 王新波
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(21908018); 国家自然科学基金项目(22078174); 山东省教育厅青年创新团队(2019KJD007); 大连理工大学精细化工重点实验室开放课题(KF2114)
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Preparation and Environmental Applications of 2D Nanomaterial MXenes

Kang Chun1, Lin Yanxin2, Jing Yuanju1, Wang Xinbo1()   

  1. 1 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University,Qingdao 266237, China
    2 Qingdao Hengyuan Thermoelectricity Co., Ltd,Qingdao 266510, China
  • Received:2022-01-19 Revised:2022-03-11 Online:2022-10-24 Published:2022-04-01
  • Contact: Wang Xinbo
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(21908018); National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078174); Youth Innovation Program of Universities in Shandong Province(2019KJD007); support from the State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University(KF2114)

MXenes是一类新型的二维过渡金属碳/氮化物或碳氮化物,是由Mn+1AXn相物质(MAX相)通过剥离而得到的单层或薄层纳米片。独特的二维层状结构、较大的比表面积以及出色的导电性、机械稳定性和磁性等性能,使MXenes迅速成为研究热点,并已广泛应用于储能、催化、吸附等众多领域。本文总结介绍了二维材料MXenes的制备方法,并重点综述其近年来在环境领域的应用研究进展,如吸附重金属、吸附放射性金属、吸附有机物、二氧化碳的选择性吸附、光催化、电催化、膜分离、传感器、生物活性、电磁吸收与屏蔽等进行了总结与回顾,最后对现阶段存在的问题和未来发展进行了分析。

关键词： MXenes, 二维材料, 环境, 吸附, 催化

MXene is a new type of two-dimensional layered nanomaterial obtained by delamination of Mn+1AXn phase material (MAX phase), which is constructed with transition metal carbide, nitride or carbonitride. MXenes have attracted ever-increasing interest due to their unique characteristics such as high surface area, excellent metal conductivity, mechanical stability, as well as their magnetic properties, and have been widely applied in the field of energy storage, catalysis, adsorption, and many other fields. Herein, we summarize the recent advances in MXenes preparation strategies and their applications in terms of environmental purpose, including adsorption of heavy metals, radioactive metals and organic compound, selective adsorption of carbon dioxide, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, membrane separation, sensor, biological activity, electromagnetic absorption and shielding, and so on. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities of MXenes to put forwards real applications are discussed.

Key words: MXenes, 2D materials, environment, adsorption, catalysis
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图1 元素置换法制备Cl为端基MXenes示意图[16]
Fig. 1 Element replacement approach for the delamination of MXenes.Copyright2019,American Chemical Society
图2 溶液中MXene浓度与溶剂性质的关系图:(a)表面张力,(b)溶剂的沸点,均通过玻尔兹曼函数(插图中的方程式)拟合,(c)溶剂分子量线性拟合,不包括异常值:水和非极性溶剂(甲苯、己烷和二氯苯),(d)溶剂黏度线性拟合,不包括二氯甲烷(DCB)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和水。星星数据点代表“好”溶剂。红色数据点表示拟合中排除的异常值[21]
Fig. 2 Concentrations of MXenes in solution plotted with respect to solvent properties: (a) surface tension, (b) boiling point of the solvent, both fitted by Boltzmann functions (equations in the insets), (c) solvent molecular weight fitted linearly excluding outliers: water and nonpolar solvents (toluene, hexane, and dichlorobenzene), and (d) solvent viscosity fitted linearly excluding DCB, DMF, and water. Star data points represent “good” solvents. Red data points represent the outliers excluded from the fits. Copyright2017, American Chemical Society
表1 MXenes制备方法的比较及其表面性质
Table 1 Comparison of preparation methods of MXenes and their surface properties
Preparation methods Surface properties
含氟刻蚀法 酸刻蚀法(HF) —F、—OH,较高的缺陷和较小的横向尺寸、手风琴结构
改性酸刻蚀法(HCl和LiF、NH4HF2、FeF3) —F减少,—O增加,较大的层间距和较弱的相互作用,较小的缺陷
熔融盐刻蚀(KF、LiF及NaF) 可逆的氧化还原峰和高的面电容、手风琴结构
无氟刻蚀法 碱性刻蚀法(NaOH) 亲水性、导电性、易分层和再封接、手风琴结构
Lewis酸蚀刻(ZnCl2) 亲水性差、手风琴结构
电化学蚀刻 较大的横向尺寸
微环境法 可分散于有机溶剂
图3 (A) U O 2 2 +的吸附机理示意图[25]; (B)用于有效放射性核素封存的 MXenes 衍生的分级钛酸盐纳米结构 (HTN) 的合成[38]
Fig. 3 (A) Illustration of the mechanism of U O 2 2 + adsorption[25].Copyright2018,American Chemical Society;(B)Synthesis of MXenes-derived hierarchical titanate nanostructures (HTNs) for effective radionuclide sequestration[38].Copyright2019, Elsevier B.V(B)
图4 MXenes材料电磁屏蔽性能和已有材料性能的比较[107]
Fig. 4 Comparison of electromagnetic shielding performance of MXenes material with the existing materials[107]. Copyright 2020, American association for the advancement of science
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