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化学进展 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (6): 1402-1413 DOI: 10.7536/PC210727 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

无机水系液流电池研究

南明君1, 乔琳1,*(), 刘玉琴1, 张华民1,2, 马相坤1,*()   

  1. 1 大连海事大学材料科学与工程系 大连 116026
    2 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 大连 116023
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-21 修回日期:2021-11-12 出版日期:2021-12-02 发布日期:2021-12-02
  • 通讯作者: 乔琳, 马相坤
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(3132021179); 中国科学院洁净能源先导专项资金(XDA21070100)
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A Review of Inorganic Aqueous Flow Battery

Mingjun Nan1, Lin Qiao1(), Yuqin Liu1, Huamin Zhang1,2, Xiangkun Ma1()   

  1. 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
    2 Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
  • Received:2021-07-21 Revised:2021-11-12 Online:2021-12-02 Published:2021-12-02
  • Contact: Lin Qiao, Xiangkun Ma
  • Supported by:
    Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3132021179); Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA21070100)

液流电池具有安全性高、循环寿命长以及环境友好等优势,被认为是大规模储能技术的首选技术之一,能够解决太阳能、风能等可再生能源发电不连续、不稳定的瓶颈问题,推动可再生能源的大规模应用,助力碳达峰、碳中和目标的实现。其中无机水系液流电池具有能量效率高、循环性能稳定、技术成熟等优势,是目前工程应用最为广泛的液流电池。本文介绍了无机水系液流电池的技术现状及其示范应用情况,系统阐述了新型无机水系液流电池的原理、技术现状及其挑战,同时对无机水系液流电池未来的技术创新与突破进行了展望,为无机水系液流电池的发展指明了方向。

关键词： 液流电池, 无机水系液流电池, 液-液型液流电池, 液-沉积型液流电池

Flow battery (FB), an important technology for large-scale energy storage, has the advantages of high safety, long cycle life, environmental friendliness, and so on. FBs can stabilize the fluctuation of renewable energy output, help to promote the large-scale application of renewable energy, and further achieve the goal of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. Inorganic aqueous flow batteries with high energy efficiency and stable cycle performance are attracting increasing attention. This paper introduces the technology status and application demonstration of the commercial inorganic aqueous flow battery. Then, the principle, current state, and technology challenges of new-type inorganic aqueous flow batteries are summarized. Finally, this paper points out the goals of inorganic aqueous flow batteries for the next 15 years, pointing out the development direction of inorganic aqueous flow batteries.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Liquid-liquid aqueous flow battery

2.1 Fe-Cr flow battery

2.2 Vanadium flow battery

2.3 Other types of liquid-liquid aqueous flow battery

3 Liquid-deposition aqueous flow battery

3.1 Zn-Br flow battery

3.2 Other types of liquid-deposition aqueous flow battery

4 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: flow battery, inorganic aqueous flow battery, liquid-liquid aqueous flow battery, liquid-deposition aqueous flow battery
()
图1 常见无机电子对的标准电极电位
Fig. 1 The standard electrode potential of inorganic ion pairs
图2 液-液型液流电池结构示意图
Fig. 2 The schematic diagram of liquid-liquid aqueous flow battery system structure
表1 2010~2021年国内典型VFB示范项目
Table 1 The typical VFB demonstration projects in China between 2010 to 2021
Project name Year Function Power/capacity
Zhangbei energy storage
test base		 2010 Peak load shifting and experiments 0.5 MW/1 MW·h
National scenic storage and transportation demonstration base 2012 Peak load shifting 2 MW/8 MW·h
Woniushi wind farm energy storage project 2013 Smoothing wind power output 5 MW/10 MW·h
National Hefeng Beizhen wind field energy storage project 2013 Peak load shifting and power grid support 2 MW/4 MW·h
Heishan Longwan wind farm energy storage base 2014 Smoothing wind power output 3 MW/6 MW·h
Dalian flow battery energy storage peaking power station national demonstration project 2016 Peak load shifting and power grid support 200 MW/800 MW·h
Zaoyang integrated demonstration project of light energy storage and use 2017 Grid auxiliary 10 MW/40 MW·h
Sichuan sewage treatment Plant Project 2017 Peak load shifting 0.08 MW/0.48 MW·h
Liaoning Datang wind storage project 2019 Peak load shifting 10 MW/40 MW·h
Chengde Dongliang wind farm project 2020 Peak load shifting 2 MW/8 MW·h
Chengde Senjitu
wind storage demonstration project		 2021 Peak load shifting 3 MW/12 MW·h
图3 V-Mn液流电池反应机理[76]
Fig. 3 The reaction mechanism of V-Mn FB[76]
图4 (a) V-Fe液流电池的反应机理; (b) V-Fe液流电池循环伏安曲线[80]
Fig. 4 (a) The reaction mechanism of V-Fe FB; (b) the CV curve of V-Fe FB[80]
图5 ZBFB国外发展进程
Fig. 5 The development status of ZBFB abroad
图6 (a) ZISFB的反应机理; (b) ZIFB性能对比[101]
Fig. 6 (a) The reaction mechanism of ZISFB; (b) the performance comparison of ZIFB[101]
图7 (a) ZVFB的反应机理; (b) Zn0/2+和VO2+/ VO 2 +的循环伏安曲线[102]
Fig. 7 (a) The reaction mechanism of ZVFB; (b) The CV of Zn0/2+ and VO2+/ VO 2 + ][102]
图8 (a) Sn-Fe液流电池反应机理; (b) Sn-Fe液流电池效率[108]
Fig. 8 (a) The reaction mechanism of Sn-Fe FB; (b) the efficiency of Sn-Fe FB[108]
图9 (a) TMSFB的反应机理; (b) 电解液循环伏安曲线; (c) TMSFB电池寿命[114]
Fig. 9 (a) The reaction mechanism of TMSFB; (b) the CV of TiO2+/Ti3+ and Mn2+/Mn3+/MnO2; (c) the battery life of TMSFB[114]
图10 液流电池发展预测
Fig. 10 Forecast of FB development
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摘要

无机水系液流电池研究