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化学进展 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (4): 884-897 DOI: 10.7536/PC210407 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

基于智能手机的即时检测

颜廷义1, 张光耀1,2,*(), 喻琨1, 李梦洁1, 曲丽君1,2,*(), 张学记3,*()   

  1. 1 青岛大学纺织服装学院智能可穿戴技术研究中心 青岛 266071
    2 青岛大学省部共建生物多糖纤维成形与生态纺织国家重点实验室 青岛 266071
    3 深圳大学生物医学工程学院 深圳 518060
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-08 修回日期:2021-06-17 出版日期:2022-04-24 发布日期:2021-07-29
  • 通讯作者: 张光耀, 曲丽君, 张学记
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(21890742); 国家自然科学基金项目(21727815); 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020QB092); 青岛市博士后应用研究项目(202142); 省部共建生物多糖纤维成形与生态纺织国家重点实验室自主课题项目(ZKT23); 省部共建生物多糖纤维成形与生态纺织国家重点实验室自主课题项目(GZRC202025)
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Smartphone-Based Point-of-Care Testing

Tingyi Yan1, Guangyao Zhang1,2(), Kun Yu1, Mengjie Li1, Lijun Qu1,2(), Xueji Zhang3()   

  1. 1 Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071, China
    2 State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071, China
    3 School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060, China
  • Received:2021-04-08 Revised:2021-06-17 Online:2022-04-24 Published:2021-07-29
  • Contact: Guangyao Zhang, Lijun Qu, Xueji Zhang
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(21890742); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21727815); Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020QB092); Postdoctoral Applied Research Project of Qingdao(202142); State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles(ZKT23); State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles(GZRC202025)

新冠肺炎疫情的爆发使人们对即时检测(POCT)的需求不断增加,而智能手机作为目前人类最离不开的工具,在POCT中具有巨大的应用潜力。基于智能手机的POCT有以下独特的优点:(1)操作简单,不需要专业培训;(2)无需长时间等待,可以及时获得测试结果;(3)制作成本低,有利于在资源有限地区使用。因此,基于智能手机的POCT正迅速成为传统实验室检测的潜在替代方法。在这里,我们以POCT所检测的对象(体液、挥发性有机化合物、生命体征)为分类的基础,并结合目前主流的传感策略,包括比色技术、荧光技术、电化学技术、压电传感、热电传感、超声传感、光电传感等,对近三年基于智能手机的传感器在POCT中的应用进行了全面的回顾。我们评估了这些传感器的性能以及发展潜力,此外,还介绍了POCT中使用的新兴技术,如纳米技术、柔性电子器件、微流体技术、生物可降解技术、自供能技术、多路检测等。最后,总结了目前基于智能手机的POCT面临的问题,并对其未来的发展进行了展望。

关键词： 智能手机, 即时检测, 体液, 挥发性有机化合物, 生命体征

The outbreak of the COVID-19 has increased the demand for point-of-care testing (POCT), and as the most indispensable tools for human beings at present, smartphones have great application potential in POCT. Smartphone-based POCT has the following unique advantages: (1) easy to operate and without the need for professional training; (2) shorter wait times and quicker test results; (3) low fabrication cost and convenient to use in limited-resource areas. Therefore, smartphone-based POCT is rapidly emerging as a potential alternative to traditional laboratory testing. Herein, we perform a comprehensive review of recent progress and applications of smartphone-based sensors in POCT for the past three years, which uses the tested objects (body fluids, volatile organic compounds, vital signs) by POCT as the basis for classification, and combines with the current mainstream sensing strategies, including colorimetric, fluorescent, electrochemical technology, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, ultrasonic and photoelectric sensor, etc. We evaluate the performance and development potential of these sensors, in addition, the emerging technologies used in POCT are introduced, such as nanotechnology, flexible electronic devices, microfluidic technology, biodegradable technology, self-powered technology, multi-channel detection and so on. Finally, current problems are summarized and the future development of the smartphone-based POCT is discussed.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Body fluids detection

2.1 Blood

2.2 Sweat

2.3 Saliva

2.4 Tear

2.5 Urine

3 VOCs detection

3.1 Hydrocarbon

3.2 Formaldehyde

3.3 Acetone and ethanol

4 Vital signs detection

4.1 Pulse and blood pressure

4.2 Body temperature

4.3 Heartbeat and respiration

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: smartphone, point-of-care testing, body fluids, volatile organic compounds, vital signs
()
图1 基于血液检测的POCT:(A) 基于智能手机的比色检测系统[29];(B) 基于智能手机的声流控平台[33];(C) μTADs上生物发光反应[34];(D) μTADs抗体检测分析步骤[34]
Fig. 1 POCT based on blood test. (A) Smartphone-based colorimetric detection system[29]. (B) Smartphone-based acoustofluidic platform[33]. (C) Bioluminescence reaction on μTADs[34]. (D) Procedure for antibody detection with μTADs[34]
图2 基于汗液检测的POCT:(A) 可自愈汗液传感器[43];(B) 穿戴式汗液葡萄糖传感器[44];(C) 微流控单向阀[44];(D)无电池多通道汗液传感器[45];(E, F) 基于智能手机的荧光成像系统[46]
Fig. 2 POCT based on sweat test. (A) Self-healing sweat sensor[43]. (B) Wearable sweat glucose sensor[44]. (C) Microfluidic check valve[44]. (D) Battery-free multi-channel sweat sensor[45]. (E, F) Smartphone-based fluorescence imaging system[46]
图3 基于唾液检测的POCT:(A)智能手机荧光阅读器[51];(B) CRISPR荧光检测系统[51]
Fig. 3 POCT based on saliva test. (A) Smartphone-based fluorescence reader[51]. (B) CRISPR-Fluorescence Detection System[51]
图4 用于泪液代谢物比色传感的微流体隐形眼镜[54,55]
Fig. 4 Microfluidic contact lenses for the colorimetric sensing of tear metabolites[54,55]
图5 基于智能手机的无创葡萄糖监测隐形眼镜[56]
Fig. 5 Smartphone-based non-invasive glucose monitoring contact lens[56]
图6 基于智能手机的尿酸检测[61]
Fig. 6 Smartphone-based uric acid detection[61]
图7 微悬臂传感机理[64]
Fig. 7 Milli-Cantilever sensing mechanism[64]
图8 基于智能手机的甲醛传感器[66]
Fig. 8 Smartphone-based formaldehyde sensor[66]
图9 基于丙酮和乙醇检测的POCT:(A) 智能手环[68];(B, C) 基于多个CMUT传感器的无线便携式VOCs传感系统[69]
Fig. 9 POCT based on acetone and ethanol test. (A)Schematic illustration of wearable smart wristband[68]. (B, C) Wireless portable VOCs sensing system based on multiple CMUT sensors[69]
图10 基于脉搏和血压检测的POCT:(A) 基于智能手机的指尖接触式压力传感器[72];(B) 纳米半球阵列的构造[72];(C) 柔性可降解可穿戴压力传感器的制备工艺[73]
Fig. 10 POCT based on pulse and blood test. (A) Smartphone-based fingertip-contacted pressure sensor[72]. (B) Nanos hemispherical structure[72]. (C) Fabrication process of flexible degradable wearable pressure sensor[73]
图11 基于体温检测的POCT:(A) 便携式红外热电堆传感器[75];(B) 应用程序用户界面[75];(C) 利用热腕带进行偏移校正[76]
Fig. 11 POCT based on body temperature test. (A) Portable infrared thermopile sensor[75]. (B) Application user interface[75]. (C) Offset correction by Thermal wristband[76]
图12 基于心率和呼吸检测的POCT:(A) 非接触式心跳和呼吸监测[77];(B) 空心微结构自供电压力传感器[77];(C) 无线可穿戴超声波传感器[78]
Fig. 12 POCT based on heartbeat and respiration test. (A) Non-contact heartbeat and respiration monitoring[77]. (B) HM-SPS strip[77]. (C) Wireless wearable ultrasound sensor[78]
表1 基于智能手机的POCT应用
Table 1 Application of the smartphone-based POCT
Samples Advantages Disadvantage Methods Ref
Blood High accuracy
Fast response
Easy collection
Real-time		 invasive Colorimetric
Fluorescence
Bioluminescence		 29
33
34
Sweat Non-invasive
Rich composition		 Difficult collection
Low stability
Non-real-time		 Colorimetric
Fluorescence
Electrochemical		 44,45
46
43
Saliva Non-invasive
Easy collection
Real-time		 Low stability Fluorescence
Electrochemical		 51
50
Tears Non-invasive Difficult collection Colorimetric
Image detection		 54,55
56
Urine Non-invasive
High accuracy		 Non-real-time Colorimetric
Fluorescence		 60
61,62
VOCs Non-invasive
Real-time
Low consumption		 Low accuracy
Low stability		 Colorimetric
Electrochemical
Image detection
Ultrasonic		 65,66
67,68
64
69
Vital signs Non-invasive
High stability
Real-time
Low consumption		 Low accuracy Piezoelectric
Ultrasonic
Photoelectric
Thermopile
Thermal imaging		 72,73,77
78
74
75
76
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摘要

基于智能手机的即时检测