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化学进展 2019, Vol. 31 Issue (6): 882-893 DOI: 10.7536/PC181103 前一篇   后一篇

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锡基钙钛矿太阳电池光吸收材料

李晓茵, 周传聪, 王英华, 丁菲菲, 周华伟, 张宪玺**()   

  1. 聊城大学化学化工学院 山东省化学储能与新型电池技术重点实验室 聊城 252000
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-02 出版日期:2019-06-15 发布日期:2019-04-26
  • 通讯作者: 张宪玺
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(21171084); 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016BQ20); 山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J17KA097); 山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J16LC05); 聊城大学科技项目
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Sn-Based Light-Absorbing Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

Xiaoyin Li, Chuancong Zhou, Yinghua Wang, Feifei Ding, Huawei Zhou, Xianxi Zhang**()   

  1. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
  • Received:2018-11-02 Online:2019-06-15 Published:2019-04-26
  • Contact: Xianxi Zhang
  • About author:
    ** E-mail:
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(21171084); Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2016BQ20); Science and Technology Projects for Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province(J17KA097); Science and Technology Projects for Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province(J16LC05); Science and Technology Projects of Liaocheng University.

钙钛矿太阳电池以其优异的光吸收特性、载流子传输能力以及简单的制备工艺,成为太阳电池领域研究的热点。高效、无污染、低成本一直是太阳电池领域追求的目标。然而,传统钙钛矿太阳电池由于其光吸收材料中含重金属元素铅,对环境有较大影响,从而限制了此类钙钛矿太阳电池的进一步商业化应用。基于此,科学家们都在致力于寻找新的无铅钙钛矿材料。在众多无铅钙钛矿材料中,锡基钙钛矿材料由于其相对较小的毒性、合适的带隙以及相应器件具有较高的能量转换效率等优点,成为最有希望应用于钙钛矿太阳电池的替代材料。然而,锡基钙钛矿太阳电池也存在一些弱点,其能量转换效率和器件稳定性相较于铅基钙钛矿太阳电池仍然存在很大差距,器件制备过程中对空气十分敏感。为了更好地解决这些问题,对锡基钙钛矿材料及器件性能的各种影响因素进行系统地研究势在必行。文章分类介绍了各类锡基钙钛矿材料及其在太阳电池中的应用,包括有机-无机杂化锡基钙钛矿材料,锡铅混合钙钛矿材料和全无机锡基钙钛矿材料,综述了锡基钙钛矿材料及其相应器件性能的最新研究进展,并且讨论了影响器件性能的各项因素,最后对锡基钙钛矿太阳电池未来的发展做出了展望。

关键词： 钙钛矿太阳电池, 光吸收, 无铅, 锡基钙钛矿

Due to its excellent optical absorption properties, carrier transport capability and simple fabrication processes, perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention in recent years. High efficiency, pollution-free and low cost have always been the goals pursued in the solar cell field. However, traditional perovskite solar cells have a greater impact on the environment due to the heavy metal element lead in their light absorbing materials, which limits the further commercial application of such perovskite solar cells. Based on this consideration, many scientists are working hard to find novel lead-free perovskite materials. Among numerous lead-free perovskite materials, Sn-based perovskite materials have become the most promising alternatives due to their relatively low toxicity, suitable band gap, and high power conversion efficiency of corresponding devices. Sn-based perovskite solar cells also have some weak points, however. Their energy conversion efficiency and the device stability are much lower compared with Pb-based perovskite solar cells. The device is very sensitive to air during the preparation process. In order to solve these problems, it is imperative to study the factors affecting the performances of Sn-based perovskite materials and devices. The paper introduces various kinds of Sn-based perovskite materials and their application in perovskite solar cells, including organic-inorganic hybrid Sn-based perovskite materials, mixed Sn-Pb perovskite materials and all-inorganic Sn-based perovskite materials. The latest research progress of Sn-based perovskite materials and their corresponding device properties are summarized. In addition, the factors affecting the device performances are discussed, and the future directions of the Sn-based perovskite solar cells are forecast.

Key words: perovskite solar cell, optical absorption, lead-free, Sn-based perovskites
()
图1 MASnI3-xBrx钙钛矿的能带结构图[16]
Fig. 1 Schematic energy-level diagram of MASnI3-xBrx compounds[16]
图2 MASn1-xPbxI3钙钛矿(a、b和c)的晶体结构[28]
Fig. 2 Crystal structure(a、b and c) of the MASn1-xPbxI3 solid solutions[28]
图3 MASn1-xPbxI3钙钛矿的能带结构图[28]
Fig. 3 Schematic energy level diagram of the MASn1-xPbxI3 solid solution perovskites[28]
图4 CsSnI3(a)和Cs2SnI6(b)的晶体结构图以及化学势-相图(c)[90]
Fig. 4 Crystal structure of CsSnI3(a), Cs2SnI6(b) and chemical potential-phase map(c)[90]
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摘要

锡基钙钛矿太阳电池光吸收材料