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化学进展 2019, Vol. 31 Issue (5): 738-751 DOI: 10.7536/PC180817 前一篇   后一篇

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湿法改性石墨烯在制备橡胶复合材料中的应用

耿奥博1, 钟强1, 梅长彤1, 王林洁1, 徐立杰2, 甘露1,**()   

  1. 1. 南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院 南京 210037
    2. 南京林业大学生物与环境学院 南京 210037
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-22 出版日期:2019-05-15 发布日期:2019-03-21
  • 通讯作者: 甘露
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20160938); 江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX18_0994)
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Applications of Wet-Functionalized Graphene in Rubber Composites

Aobo Geng1, Qiang Zhong1, Changtong Mei1, Linjie Wang1, Lijie Xu2, Lu Gan1,**()   

  1. 1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
    2. College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
  • Received:2018-08-22 Online:2019-05-15 Published:2019-03-21
  • Contact: Lu Gan
  • About author:
    ** E-mail:
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20160938); Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX18_0994)

橡胶由于其高弹性、良好的生物相容性、耐化学腐蚀及长期使用的稳定性等优点,在众多领域已有一百多年的应用历史。一般来说,在生胶硫化之前需要加入增强填料、润滑剂、偶联剂和促进剂等各类添加剂,以达到使用要求的性能。其中增强填料起到提高橡胶强度、提高橡胶耐磨耐热性、延长橡胶使用寿命的作用。相比于炭黑或者二氧化硅这些传统增强填料,新兴纳米材料石墨烯由于其优异的性能,只需极少量便可使橡胶的性能显著增强。然而,石墨烯片层之间的范德华力严重的阻碍了其在高分子机体内的分散,其在橡胶基体的分散性直接决定了石墨烯对于橡胶材料的增强效果。近年来,越来越多的研究开始关注通过在溶液中的湿法改性,包括物理或化学的方法来改性石墨烯,促进它与橡胶二者界面的相互作用,提高石墨烯在橡胶基体中的分散效果。本文总结了近几年湿法改性石墨烯在制备石墨烯/橡胶复合材料方面的研究进展。

关键词： 石墨烯, 功能化改性, 橡胶复合材料, 力学性能, 热力学性能, 电学性能

Vulcanized rubber products have been applied in various fields for more than 100 years, due to their high elasticity, good biological compatibility, chemical resistance, long-time use stability, etc. Additives like reinforcing fill er, lubricant, coupling agent, and accelerating agent, are necessary to be mixed with the raw rubber to give the rubber certain properties. Specifically, the rein-forcing filler plays the role of enhancing the mechanical strength, abrasive and thermal resistance, as well as prolonging the service life of the rubber. Compared with the traditional reinforcing fillers like carbon black and fumed silica, the graphene, a newly emerging nanomaterial, can reinforce the rubber properties with very small incorporation amount, due to its superior properties. However, the strong van der Vaals force amongst graphene sheets seriously inhibits its dispersion in the rubber. Meanwhile, the dispersion state of the graphene in silicone rubber matrix directly influences the reinforcing effect of the graphene. In recent years, many researchers focus on the functionalization method of the graphene, physically or chemically, to enhance the dispersion of the graphene in rubber matrix, and the interfacial interactions between graphene and rubber. The recent advances in the wet functionalization approaches conducted to the graphene and the applications of the functional graphene in fabricating rubber composites are discussed.

Key words: graphene, functionalization, rubber composites, mechanical properties, thermal properties, electrical properties
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图1 GO与rGO的制备过程示意图[44, 45]
Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of GO and reduced GO formation[44, 45]
表1 物理方法改性石墨烯提高橡胶复合材料的力学性能的研究
Table 1 Mechanical properties of physically functionalized graphene/rubber composites
Rubber Type Preparation method Functionalization agent Tensile strength enhancement ref
NR Solution mixing Surfactant 29% 24
SBR Mechanical mixing Ionic liquid 490% 32
SBR Roll milling Ionic liquid 45% 33
SR Solution mixing Silane ~241% 61
SR Roll milling SiO2 ~131% 43
NR Roll milling ZnO 12.7% 42
NR Roll milling ZnO 133% 62
BroR Solution mixing CaF2 70% 63
NBR Roll milling Sodium humate 120% 64
NR Mechanical mixing Polymer 646% 40
NR Roll milling Polymer 23% 65
NR Solution Casting Polymer 2900% 41
NR Solution mixing Polymer 58% 66
NR Roll milling Polymer ~80% 67
图2 石墨烯、ZDMA-石墨烯和NR/ZDMA-石墨烯复合材料的制备[62]
Fig. 2 The preparation of pristine graphene, ZDMA- graphene and NR/ZDMA-graphene composites [62]
表2 GO提高橡胶复合材料力学性能的研究
Table 2 Mechanical properties of GO/rubber composites
Rubber Type Preparation method Incorporation amount Tensile strength enhancement ref
NR Roll milling 1.0 wt% 135% 47
NR Solution mixing 4.0 wt% 75% 68
NR Latex mixing 0.7 wt% 87% 69
NR Roll milling 0.5 wt% 29% 70
NR Roll milling 5.0 wt% ~100% 71
SBR Roll milling 5.0 wt% 747% 72
SBR Latex mixing 7.0 wt% 992% 50
SBR Roll milling 3.0 wt% 490% 73
SBR Latex mixing 3.0 wt% ~300% 74
NBR Solution blending ~0.4 wt% 51% 48
NBR Roll milling ~1.0 wt% 369% 75
NBR Roll milling ~3.0 wt% 110% 76
SR Solution mixing 2.0 wt% 67% 77
SR Solution mixing 1.0 wt% 181% 49
SR Mechanical mixing 0.5 wt% 158% 78
表3 化学接枝石墨烯提升橡胶复合材料力学性能的研究
Table 3 Mechanical properties of molecules grafted graphene/rubber composites
Rubber Type Preparation method Grafted molecules Tensile strength enhancement ref
NR Solution mixing Silane ~100% 55
SR Solution mixing Silane >50% 57
NBR Latex mixing Silane ~120% 79
SBR Latex mixing Amine 330% 53
BroR Solution mixing Amine 23% 54
SBR Roll milling Amide 650% 59
SBR Latex mixing Ortho-quinone 800% 80
SBR Mechanical mixing Silane ~775% 81
SBR Latex mixing Thiol ~50% 52
SBR Solution mixing Thiol 180% 82
NR Latex mixing Polymer 22% 83
SBR Latex mixing Polymer 540% 84
SBR Roll milling Polymer 17% 60
NBR Solution mixing Polymer 215% 85
BroR Solution mixing Polymer 200% 87
表4 物理改性石墨烯提升橡胶复合材料热力学性能的研究
Table 4 Thermal properties of physically functionalized graphene/rubber composites
Rubber Type Preparation method Functionalization
agent		 Enhanced thermal properties ref
NR Solution mixing Surfactant Thermal stability 89
SBR Mechanical mixing Ionic liquid Thermal stability 34
SBR Roll milling Ionic liquid Thermal stability 33
SBR Roll milling Ionic liquid Thermal conductivity 34
BroR Roll milling Ionic liquid Thermal stability
Thermal conductivity		 31
SR Solution mixing Silane Thermal conductivity 61
SR Mechanical mixing Silane Thermal conductivity 90
SR Mechanical mixing Silane Thermal conductivity 91
NR Roll milling ZnO Thermal conductivity 62
NR Roll milling Polymer Thermal conductivity 65
NR Mechanical mixing Polymer Thermal conductivity 67
NR Melt blending Polymer Thermal stability 92
图3 SBR复合材料中改性石墨烯与橡胶基体的相互作用[34]
Fig. 3 Filler-matrix interactions in SBR composite system[34]
表5 化学改性石墨烯提升橡胶复合材料热学性能的研究
Table 5 Thermal properties of covalently functionalized graphene/rubber composites
Rubber Type Preparation method Functionalization agent Enhanced thermal
properties		 ref
SBR Roll milling Amine Thermal stability 94
BroR Solution mixing Amine Thermal stability 54
SR Solution mixing Amide Thermal conductivity 95
EPR Mechanical mixing Silane Thermal stability 56, 96
SR Solution mixing Silane Thermal stability
Thermal conductivity		 58, 97
SR Mechanical mixing Pentaerythritol Thermal stability 98
NBR Solution mixing Polymer Thermal conductivity 99
BroR Solution mixing Polymer Thermal stability 86
图4 制备TEVS-GO和TEVS-GO/LSR复合材料的过程示意[58]
Fig. 4 Scheme of procedure for preparation of TEVS-GO and TEVS-GO/LSR composites[58]
表6 物理改性石墨提升橡胶复合材料电学性能的研究
Table 6 Electrical properties of physically functionalized graphene/rubber composites
Rubber Type Preparation
method		 Functionalization
agent		 Threshold ref
NR Solution mixing Surfactant ~3 wt% 102
NR Solution mixing Surfactant 3 wt% 103
NR Solution mixing Surfactant ~4.28 wt% 29
NR Mechanical mixing Surfactant ~5 wt% 37
NR Mechanical mixing Polymer ~1 wt% 40
NR Solution mixing Polymer ~1 wt% 39
NR Solution Casting Polymer ~0.4 wt% 41
NR Solution mixing Polymer - 66
SBR/NR Mechanical mixing Polymer ~0.3 wt% 37
图5 一步法制备功能化改性石墨烯/NRL纳米复合材料过程示意[41]
Fig. 5 Schematic of the one-step method for functionalized graphene/NRL nanocomposites production[41]
图6 改性石墨烯加入SBR/NR二元体系后形成双连互通网络过程示意[37]
Fig. 6 Schematic illustration for the fabrication of functionalized graphene/SBR-NR with a double-interconnected network[37]
表7 原位还原GO对提升橡胶复合材料电学性能的研究
Table 7 Electrical properties of in-situ reduced GO/rubber composites
Rubber
Type		 Preparation
method		 Functionalization
agent		 Threshold ref
NR Roll milling Thermal reduction ~0.5 wt% 47
NR Solution mixing Hydrazine ~0.6 wt% 104
NR Solution mixing NaBH4 ~0.5 wt% 27
NR Mechanical mixing Hydrazine ~0.3 wt% 105
NR Solution mixing Hydroiodic acid ~0.3 wt% 106
NR Solution mixing Hydrazine ~3 wt% 107
SBR Solution mixing Hydrazine ~2 wt% 50
NBR Solution mixing Hydrazine ~0.25 wt% 108
NBR Solution mixing Hydrazine ~0.75 wt% 93
NR/SBR/SR Solution mixing Thermal reduction ~0.5 wt% 109
图7 连续导电网络结构的rGO/橡胶复合材料的制备过程[104]
Fig. 7 The preparation of rGO/rubber composites with a conductive segregated network[104]
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