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化学进展 2019, Vol. 31 Issue (2/3): 464-474 DOI: 10.7536/PC180711 前一篇   后一篇

• •

柔性电极的微观构建方式

贾盈娜, 刘兴兴, 卢赟**(), 苏岳锋**(), 陈人杰, 吴锋   

  1. 1. 北京理工大学材料学院环境科学与工程北京市重点实验室 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-11 出版日期:2019-02-15 发布日期:2018-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 卢赟, 苏岳锋
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2016YFB0100301); 国家自然科学基金项目(51802019); 国家自然科学基金项目(U1664255); 北京市重点高校重大成果转化项目
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Flexible Electrode Assembled from Different Microstructures

Yingna Jia, Xingxing Liu, Yun Lu**(), Yuefeng Su**(), Renjie Chen, Feng Wu   

  1. 1. School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2018-07-11 Online:2019-02-15 Published:2018-12-20
  • Contact: Yun Lu, Yuefeng Su
  • About author:
    ** E-mail: (Yun Lu);
    (Yuefeng Su)
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0100301); National Natural Science Foundation of China(51802019); National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1664255); Major Achievements Transformation Project for Central Universities in Beijing

随着可穿戴柔性电子设备的发展,具有高能量密度和高功率特性的柔性电化学储能器件受到越来越广泛的关注。这些柔性储能器件主要包括柔性太阳能电池、柔性锂电池和柔性超级电容器等。而柔性电极作为柔性储能设备的核心组件,不仅需要具备基本的机械柔性,还应具有优良的导电性和骨架支撑强度,这样才可以保证储能器件在受到拉伸、弯曲、扭转等形变时电化学性能保持稳定。随着对柔性电极研究的不断深入,碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、碳布、聚合物、金属化合物等具有不同宏观和微观形貌的材料单独或复合作为柔性电极基质的报道大量涌现。基于构成柔性电极的材料和微观结构,本文对构造柔性电极的方式进行了分类介绍,包括层叠结构、编织结构、嫁接结构、泡沫结构等; 对电极柔性的定量评估方法进行了归纳总结;最后对柔性电极面临的挑战与未来的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词： 层叠结构, 编织结构, 嫁接结构, 泡沫结构, 柔性定量

With the rapid development of wearable and flexible electronic equipment, the flexible electrochemical energy storage devices with high energy density and high power density have been widely interested and researched in numerous studies. The flexible energy storage devices, mainly include flexible solar batteries, flexible lithium batteries and flexible supercapacitors. As the core components of these devices, flexible electrodes should possess not only basic mechanical flexibility, but also excellent electrical conductivity and superior skeleton supporting strength, so as to ensure the energy storage devices tolerate various deformation such as stretching, bending and twisting and exert their electrochemical performance steadily. As the research goes deep, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon cloth, polymer, metal compounds and their composites, with different macromorphology and micromorphology, have been reported as flexible matrix for electrodes in a large amount of literature recently. In this review, based on the materials and microstructures, different assembling methods for different microstructures including stacking structure, foam structure, weave structure, grafting structure, etc., for fabricating flexible electrodes, are illustrated. Also the existing methods for quantitatively evaluating the electrode flexibility are summarized. Finally, the major challenges in the future development for the flexible electrodes are illustrated and the prospects are forecast.

Key words: stackable structure, weaving structure, grafting structure, foam structure, flexibility quantitation
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图1 (a)rGO/CNs/PANI薄膜合成示意图[9];(b)自支撑柔性石墨烯薄膜的弯曲后微观形貌图[12]
Fig. 1 (a) Synthesis diagram of rGO/CNs/PANI thin film[9];(b) Microtopography of flexible graphene film after bending[12]
图2 三明治MXene/CNT复合电极示意图[27]
Fig. 2 Diagram of sandwich MXene/CNT electrode[27]
图3 (a) 锂离子可通过的多孔PDMS-CNT纳米复合材料及其(b)柔性展示[37]
Fig. 3 (a) Porous PDMS-CNT nanocomposites accessed by Li-ion and(b) its flexibility[37]
图4 (a)竹子的分级结构及(b)纳米结构示意图[55]
Fig. 4 (a) Grading structure of bamboo and(b) schematic diagram of the nanostructure design inspired by bamboo[55]
图5 可折叠锂电池——棋盘图案的碳纳米管集流体[60]
Fig. 5 Prototype of folding battery, checkerboard pattern of CNT current collector[60]
图6 (a)CoSnO3/G/CNT复合薄膜的合成示意图[63];(b)活性纳米粒子、碳纳米管与PEDOT:PSS 交联示意图[65]
Fig. 6 (a) Synthesis diagram of CoSnO3/G/CNT composite film[63];(b) Cross-linking of active NP, CNT and PEDOT:PSS[65]
图7 TiO2 NAs/CT的制备过程示意图[71]
Fig. 7 Schematic diagram of the preparation of TiO2 NAs/CT[71]
图8 三维rGO/Te NW气凝胶合成及衍生柔性电极示意图[86]
Fig. 8 Diagram of manufacture of 3D rGO/Te NW aerogel and derived flexible electrode[86]
图9 (a)rGO/CNT/S纤维电池[87];(b)MWCNT/Si复合纤维[88]
Fig. 9 (a) rGO/CNT/S fiber cell[87];(b) Schematic diagram of MWCNT/Si composite fiber as electrode[88]
图10 柔性锂离子电池驱动的红色LED[101]
Fig. 10 Red LED powered by a flexible LIB[101]
图11 CNTs-rGO/S柔性电极的应力应变曲线[97]
Fig. 11 Stress-strain curves of CNTs-rGO/S electrode[97]
图12 (a)电缆形锂硫电池在不同弯曲角度下的开路电压[102];(b)在不同弯曲半径下循环十次的电阻[87]
Fig. 12 (a)The open circuit voltages at different bending angles of a cable-shaped Li-S battery[102];(b) change in electrical resistance for ten cycles each at different bending radii[87]
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摘要

柔性电极的微观构建方式