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化学进展 2018, Vol. 30 Issue (12): 1960-1974 DOI: 10.7536/PC180344 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

高浓度锂盐电解液

常增花1,2, 王建涛1,2, 武兆辉2, 赵金玲2, 卢世刚1,2*   

  1. 1. 北京有色金属研究总院 北京 100088;
    2. 国联汽车动力电池研究院有限责任公司 北京 100088
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-28 修回日期:2018-05-23 出版日期:2018-12-15 发布日期:2018-09-26
  • 通讯作者: 卢世刚 E-mail:lusg8867@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（No.51404030）、北京市科技新星计划（No.Z161100004916096）和国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（No.51604032）资助
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Concentrated Electrolyte for Lithium/Li-Ion Batteries

Zenghua Chang1,2, Jiantao Wang1,2, Zhaohui Wu2, Jinling Zhao2, Shigang Lu1,2*   

  1. 1. General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China;
    2. China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
  • Received:2018-03-28 Revised:2018-05-23 Online:2018-12-15 Published:2018-09-26
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 51404030, 51604032), the Beijing Nova Program(No. Z161100004916096).
基于1 mol ·dm-3 LiPF6/EC的传统非水型电解液已在锂离子电池中应用了20年。高功率、高比能锂离子电池以及锂金属电池（如Li-O2和Li-S）的发展，对电解液提出了更高的要求，使得电解液的研究与开发到了一个革新换代的阶段。研究者们已经在离子液体、聚合物电解质和无机固态电解质等新型体系研究方面取得一定的研究成果，但是这些新体系存在的本征问题使其商业化应用面临一定的困难。研究者们也开始重新审视已优化的常规液态电解液体系，高浓度锂盐电解液（>3 mol ·dm-3）再次引起广泛关注。本文综述了高浓度锂盐电解液的发展历程、溶液结构特征、分类标准及其特殊的物理化学性能、锂离子传输性质和电解液/电极相容性；对高浓度锂盐电解液存在的主要问题进行了简要分析，提出了相应的改进措施，展望了高浓度锂盐电解液未来的发展方向，为新型电解液的开发提供了一条新思路。
关键词： 锂金属电池, 锂离子电池, 高浓度电解液, 电解液结构, 物理化学性质, 界面性质
The conventional non-aqueous electrolyte based on 1 mol·dm-3 LiPF6/EC has been used for two decades in Li-ion batteries. With the rapid development of higher energy and power densities Li-ion batteries and Lithium batteries (such as Li-O2, Li-S,etc.), the electrolyte, as an indispensable component in rechargeable batteries, comes to the stage of innovation. Considerable efforts have been made on the research of several new types of electrolytes such as ionic liquid, polymer electrolytes and inorganic solid electrolytes. However, their commercial applications are hampered due to their intrinsic problems. Therefore, researchers begin to revisit the non-aqueous solution, and pay more attention on the concentrated electrolyte. This review summarizes the research on concentrated electrolytes including the development history, the solution structure, the classification criteria, the physicochemical property and the compatibility with electrode, the specific transport properties of lithium ions in the bulk solutions and the interface of electrolyte/electrode, as well as the compatibility of electrolyte and electrode. Besides, the main problems of concentrated electrolyte such as high viscosity and low ionic conductivity are briefly summarized, and the corresponding improvement measures are proposed. Finally, we highlight the research direction of concentrated electrolyte in the future, and provide an idea for the design of new type electrolyte.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 The development of concentrated electrolyte
3 Structural characteristics of concentrated electrolyte
3.1 The effect of lithium salt concentration on the structure of concentrated electrolyte
3.2 The effect of solvent on the structure of concentrated electrolyte
3.3 The effect of anions on the structure of concentrated electrolyte
4 The classification of concentrated electrolyte
5 Physical chemistry and interface properties of concentrated electrolyte
5.1 Thermal stability
5.2 Electrochemical stability
5.3 Ionic transfer property
5.4 Compatibility with electrode materials
6 The disadvantage of concentrated electrolyte
7 Conclusion
Key words: lithium batteries, Li-ion batteries, concentrated electrolyte, electrolyte structure, physicochemical property, interfacial features

中图分类号: 

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摘要

高浓度锂盐电解液