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化学进展 2016, Vol. 28 Issue (11): 1658-1663 DOI: 10.7536/PC160701 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

跨越微观-宏观组装的桥梁:浓乳液聚合技术的应用

冯燕燕, 金明, 万德成*   

  1. 同济大学材料科学与工程学院 上海 201804
  • 收稿日期:2016-07-01 修回日期:2016-09-01 出版日期:2016-11-15 发布日期:2016-10-08
  • 通讯作者: 万德成 E-mail:wandecheng@tongji.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（No.51273149，51573138）资助
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A Bridge Spanning Microscopic to Macroscopic Assembly: Application of the Technique of Polymerization of Concentrated Emulsion

Feng Yanyan, Jin Ming, Wan Decheng*   

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
  • Received:2016-07-01 Revised:2016-09-01 Online:2016-11-15 Published:2016-10-08
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 51273149, 51573138).
利用浓乳液（也称高内相比乳液）聚合技术可以获得表面结构化通孔材料（polyHIPE），其独特之处是藉此可以实现纳米级两亲体在宏观尺度上的表面有序组装，且可规模化生产。早期的polyHIPE以小分子表面活性剂稳定，仅提供了一个多孔骨架，因为该表面活性剂易流失不能发挥表面功能基作用，而对惰性多孔骨架的后功能化往往较为繁琐。近年来，这方面的突破包括：（1）新型的Pickering稳定剂能同时发挥功能基作用；（2）以难迁移的两亲性嵌段共聚物代替易流失的小分子表面活性剂直接获得改性表面；（3）以带有大量活泼官能团的树状两亲体作稳定剂，直接获得表面由活泼基团表达的polyHIPE；（4）以金属纳米粒子-树状两亲体复合粒子作为稳定剂，直接获得表面由金属纳米颗粒表达的多孔材料。这些材料具有的尺寸大、易回收、比表面较高、具有结构化表面和能反复使用的特点，使其在超分子水处理、低泄漏金属催化剂方面有可观应用前景。
关键词： 高内相比乳液, 通孔材料, 树状两亲体, 自组装, 表面功能化, 催化, 水处理
Open-cellular materials can be obtained by polymerization of concentrated emulsion (high internal phase emulsion:HIPE) (polyHIPE), by which nano-objects can be assembled at macroscopic scale, resulting in ordered surface, and the material is producible in large scale. However, earlier polyHIPE technique just provides a porous framework because the small surfactants can just serve as stabilizers but cannot serve as a surface modifier. Postmodification of such polyHIPE usually appears to be tedious, arising from the inert matrix and the nature of a heterogeneous reaction. Recently, certain breakthrough in surface functionalization of polyHIPE occurs:(1) pickering stabilizing particles are tailored with surface chemistry; (2) amphiphilic block copolymers are used in place of the readily leachable small surfactant for direct preparation of surface-functionalized polyHIPE; (3) dendritic amphiphile based on hyperbranched polymers are used to one-pot prepare polyHIPE with active-groups dictated surface; (4)metal nanoparticle-dendritic amphiphile nanocomposites are used as stabilizer to prepare polyHIPE with metal nanoparticle-dictated surface. The polyHIPEs are of large size, ready separation and good recycling, high specific surface area, structured surface, thus are highly potential in supramolecular water treatment, low-leaching catalyst, etc.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Direct surface functionalization of polyHIPE
3 Direct preparation of metal nanoparticle-decorated polyHIPE
4 Conclusion

Key words: high internal phase emulsion, open-cellular material, dendritic amphiphile, self-assembly, surface functionalization, catalysis, water treatment

中图分类号: 

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