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能源微藻采收及油脂提取技术
- 张芳1, 程丽华*2, 徐新华2, 张林1, 陈欢林1
作者信息
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Technologies of Microalgal Harvesting and Lipid Extraction
- Zhang Fang1, Cheng Lihua2, Xu Xinhua2, Zhang Lin1, Chen Huanlin1
Author information
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文章历史
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摘要
微藻具有光合效率高、生长周期短、油含量高等特性,是一种极具前景的生物柴油大宗原料。藻体采收和油脂提取是决定微藻柴油生产成本的关键环节,此下游技术的改进对提高微藻产油的经济性意义重大。本文综述了国内外微藻培养液的浓缩采收方法,并对絮凝沉降、絮凝气浮、离心和过滤等方法的作用机制和采收效率进行比较;阐述了目前微藻油脂的提取技术,从操作条件和能量消耗角度分别对有机溶剂、超临界和亚临界法进行评价;特别介绍了一种同时实现微藻生长和油脂提取的新型微藻油脂原位萃取法;最后总结了微藻能源下游技术中存在的主要问题和今后的发展方向,为进一步提高微藻生物柴油经济性提出参考性意见。
Abstract
Microalgae, with the merits of environmental adaptability, high photosynthetic efficiency and high lipid content, have become one of the most promising raw materials for bio-fuels production, especially for the biodiesel production. In this paper, the advances of technologies in microalgae harvesting and lipid extraction worldwide are reviewed. Firstly, several methods such as flocculation, centrifugation and filtration, as well as their mechanisms and applications for microalgae recovery are introduced. Then, the practical lipid extraction technologies including organic solvents, supercritical and subcritical fluids are evaluated based on their operation conditions and energy consumption. In particular, a novel method of in-situ lipid milking is introduced to allow synchronous culture and lipid extraction of microalgae. Finally, the main problems within the downstream processing of algal oil are summarized and the possible solutions to produce cost-efficient algal biodiesel are proposed. Contents 1 Introduction
2 Algae concentrated and harvesting methods
2.1 Flocculation and sedimentation
2.2 Flocculation and dissolved air flotation
2.3 Centrifugation
2.4 Filtration
3 Algal lipid extraction methods
3.1 Organic solvent extraction
3.2 Supercritical fluid extraction
3.3 Subcritical water extraction
4 In situ lipid milking
4.1 Concept of milking
4.2 Application of milking
4.3 Rules to choose organic solvents for milking establishment
4.4 Mechanism of lipid extraction during milking process
5 Problems and prospects
2 Algae concentrated and harvesting methods
2.1 Flocculation and sedimentation
2.2 Flocculation and dissolved air flotation
2.3 Centrifugation
2.4 Filtration
3 Algal lipid extraction methods
3.1 Organic solvent extraction
3.2 Supercritical fluid extraction
3.3 Subcritical water extraction
4 In situ lipid milking
4.1 Concept of milking
4.2 Application of milking
4.3 Rules to choose organic solvents for milking establishment
4.4 Mechanism of lipid extraction during milking process
5 Problems and prospects
关键词
生物柴油 / 藻体采收 / 油脂提取 / 能量平衡 {{custom_keyword}} /
Key words
biodiesel / algae harvesting / lipid extraction / energy balance {{custom_keyword}} /
中图分类号：
O6-332
TK6
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参考文献
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[2] Pienkos P T, Darzins A. Biofuels Bioprod. Bioref., 2009, 3(4): 431-440
[3] Mata T M, Martins A A, Caetano N S. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2010, 14(1): 217-232
[4] Sheehan J, Dunahay T, Benemann J, Roessler P. 1998, NREL/TP-580-24190
[5] Rodolfi L, Zittelli G C, Bassi N, Padovani G, Biondi N, Bonini G, Tredici M R. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 2009, 102(1): 100-112
[6] Chiu S Y, Kao C Y, Tsai M T, Ong S C, Chen C H, Lin C S. Bioresour. Technol., 2009, 100(2): 833-838
[7] Li Y, Han D, Hu G, Sommerfeld M, Hu Q. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 2010, 107(2): 258-268
[8] Li Y, Han D, Hu G, Dauvillee D, Sommerfeld M, Hu Q. MeTab. Eng., 2010, 12(4): 387-391
[9] Cheng L H, Zhang L, Chen H L, Gao C J. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2006, 50(3): 324-329
[10] Fan L H, Zhang Y T, Zhang L, Chen H L. J. Membrane Sci., 2008, 325(1): 336-345
[11] Xue H, Sigg L. Water Res., 1990, 24(9): 1129-1136
[12] Kong Q, Li L, Martinez B, Chen P, Ruan R. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 2010, 160(1): 9-18
[13] Lee S J, Kim S B, Kim J E, Kwon G S, Yoon B D, Oh H M. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 1998, 27(1): 14-18
[14] Golueke C G, Oswald W J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 1965, 37(4): 471-498
[15] Jiang J Q, Graham N J D, Harward C. Water Sci. Technol., 1993, 27(11): 221-230
[16] Knuckey R M, Brown M R, Robert R, Frampton D M F. Aquac. Eng., 2006, 35(3): 300-313
[17] Divakaran R, Pillai V N S. J. Appl. Phycol., 2002, 14(5): 419-422
[18] Chisti Y. Encyclopedia of Bioprocess Technology: Fermentation, Biocatalysis, and Bioseparation. Wiley, 1999, vol. 5. 2379-2406
[19] 陈春生(Chen C S), 杨明德(Yang M D), 党杰(Dang J), 张建安(Zhang J A), 何培炯(He P J), 王欣昌(Wang X C). 海洋开发与管理(Ocean Dev. Manag. ), 2003, 20(3): 42-46
[20] Spilling K, Seppälä J, Tamminen T. J. Appl. Phycol., 2011, 23(6): 959-966
[21] Sukenik A, Shelaf G. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 1984, 26(2): 142-147
[22] Knuckey R M, Brown M R, Robert R, Frampton D M F. Aquac. Eng., 2006, 35(3): 300-313
[23] Yahi H, Elmaleh S, Coma J. Water Sci. Technol., 1994, 30(8): 259-267
[24] Blanchemain A, Grizeau D. Biotechnol. Tech., 1999, 13(7): 497-501
[25] Chen G. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2004, 38(1): 11-41
[26] Mollah M Y A, Morkovsky P, Gomes J A G, Kesmez M, Parga J, Cocke D L. J. Hazard. Mater., 2004, 114(1/3): 199-210
[27] 林喆(Lin Z), 匡亚莉(Kuang Y L), 郭进(Guo J), 王章国(Wang Z G). 过程工程学报(Chin. J. Process Eng. ), 2009, 9(6): 1242-1248
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[29] Aragón A B, Padilla R B, de Ursinos J A F R. Resour., Conserv. Recycl., 1992, 6(4): 293-302
[30] Azarian G H, Mesdaghinia A R, Vaezi F, Nabizadeh R, Nematollahi D. Iranian J. Publ. Health, 2007, 36(4): 57-64
[31] Xu L, Wang F, Li H Z, Hu Z M, Guo C, Liu C Z. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 2010, 85(11): 1504-1507
[32] Kim D G, La H J, Ahn C Y, Park Y H, Oh H M. Bioresour. Technol., 2011, 102(3): 3163-3168
[33] Oh H M, Lee S J, Park M H, Kim H S, Kim H C, Yoon J H, Kwon G S, Yoon B D. Biotechnol. Lett., 2001, 23(15): 1229-1234
[34] Zhang G, Zhang P, Wang B, Liu H. Ultrason. Sonochem., 2006, 13(5): 446-450
[35] Salim S, Bosma R, Vermuë M H, Wijffels R H. J. Appl. Phycol., 2011, 23(5): 849-855
[36] Liang H, Nan J, He W J, Li G. Desalination, 2009, 239(1/3): 191-197
[37] Bosma R, Spronsen W A, Tramper J, Wijffels R H. J. Appl. Phycol., 2003, 15(2/3): 143-153
[38] Sim T S, Goh A, Becker E W. Biomass, 1988, 16(1): 51-62
[39] Edzwald J K. Water Sci. Technol., 1993, 27(10): 67-81
[40] Phoochinda W, White D A. Environ. Technol., 2003, 24(1): 87-96
[41] Teixeira M R, Sousa V, Rosa M J. Water Res., 2010, 44(11): 3337-3344
[42] Teixeira M R, Rosa M J. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2006, 52(1): 84-94
[43] Grima E M, Belarbi E H, Fernández F G A, Medina A R, Chisti Y. J. Biotechnol. Adv., 2003, 20(7/8): 491-515
[44] Chisti Y, Moo Y M. Biotechnology: the Science and the Business. New York: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1991: 167-209
[45] Heasman M, Diemar J, O’ Connor W, Sushames T, Foulkes L. Aquacult. Res., 2000, 31(8/9): 637-659
[46] Mohn F H. Algae Biomass. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1980
[47] 郎万中(Lang W Z), 张永锋(Zhang Y F), 索全伶(Suo Q L), 李强(Li Q), 许明(Xu M), 王海军(Wang H J). 盐业与化工(J. Salt Chem. Ind. ), 2009, 38(1): 4-6
[48] Zhang X, Hu Q, Sommerfeld M, Puruhito E, Chen Y. Bioresour. Technol., 2010, 101(14): 5297-5304
[49] Rossi N, Jaouen P, Legentilhomme P, Petit I. Food Bioprod. Process., 2004, 82(3): 244-250
[50] Bligh E G, Dyer W J. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol., 1959, 37(8): 911-917
[51] Cooney M, Young G, Nagle N. Sep. Purif. Rev., 2009, 38(4): 291-325
[52] Hara A, Radin N S. Anal. Biochem., 1978, 90(1): 420-426
[53] Nagle N, Lemke P. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 1990, 24/25(1): 355-361
[54] Park P K, Kima E Y, Chub K H. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2007, 53(2): 148-152
[55] Cartens M, Grima M, Medina A R, Giménez G A, Gonzalez J I. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 1996, 73(8): 1025-1031
[56] Schäfer K. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1998, 358(1): 69-77
[57] Lewis T, Nichols P D, McMeekin T A. J. Microb. Meth., 2000, 43(2): 107-116
[58] Smedes F, Askland T K. Mar. Poll. Bull., 1999, 38(3): 193-201
[59] Richter B E, Jones B A, Ezzell J L, Porter N L. Anal. Chem., 1996, 68(6): 1033-1039
[60] Breithaupt D E. Food Chem., 2004, 86(3): 449-456
[61] Denery J R, Dragull K, Tang C S, Li Q X. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2004, 501(2): 175-181
[62] Mulbry W, Kondrad S, Buyer J, Luthria D L. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 2009, 86(9): 909-915
[63] Lepage G, Roy C C. J. Lipid Res., 1984, 25(12): 1391-1396
[64] Qian J, Wang F, Liu S, Yun Z. Bioresour. Technol., 2008, 99(18): 9009-9012
[65] Siler-Marinkovic S, Tomasevic A. Fuel, 1998, 77(12): 1389-1391
[66] Vicente G, Bautista L F, Rodríguez R, Gutiérrez F J, Sádaba I, Ruiz-Vázquez R M, Torres-Martínez S, Garre V. Biochem. Eng. J., 2009, 48(1): 22-27
[67] Wahlen B D, Willis R M, Seefeldt L C. Bioresour. Technol., 2011, 102(3): 2724-2730
[68] Rodríguez-Ruiz J, Belarbi E H, Sánchez J L G, Alonso D L. Biotechnol. Techniq., 1998, 12(9): 689-691
[69] Carvalho A P, Malcata F X. J. Agri. Food Chem., 2005, 53(13): 5049-5059
[70] Herrero M, Cifuentes A, Ibanez E. Food Chem., 2006, 98(1): 136-148
[71] Herrero M, Ibanez E, Senorans J, Cifuentes A. J. Chromotogr. A, 2004, 1047(2): 195-203
[72] Chueng P C K. Food Chem., 1999, 65(3): 399-403
[73] Halim R, Gladman B, Danquah M K, Webley P A. Bioresour. Technol., 2011, 102(1): 178-185
[74] 财团法人工业技术研究院(Industrial Technology Research Institute). CN102125771A, 2011
[75] Güclü-Üstünda Dgˇ, Balsevich J, Mazza G. J. Food Eng., 2007, 80(2): 619-630
[76] Hejazi M A, Wijffels R H. Trend. Biotechnol., 2004, 22(4): 189-194
[77] Hejazi M A, Holwerda E, Wijffels R H. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 2004, 85(5): 475-481
[78] An J Y, Lee J S, Sim S J, Kim B W. J. Microb. Biotechnol., 2004, 14(5): 932-937
[79] Xu Q M, Cheng J S, Ge Z Q, Yuan Y J. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 2004, 79(1): 63-69
[80] Lee Y K, Zhang D H. Chemicals from Microalgae. Taylor & Francis, 1999
[81] Parker N S. J. Appl. Phycol., 2002, 14(5): 313-324
[82] Jiang Y, Chen F. Process Biochem., 2000, 35(10): 1205-1209
[83] Zhang F, Cheng L H, Xu X H, Zhang L, Chen H L. Process Biochem., 2011, 46(10): 1934-1941
[84] Zhang F, Cheng L H, Gao W L, Xu X H, Zhang L, Chen H L. J. Biotechnol., 2011, 154(4): 281-284
[85] Ramachandra T V, Mahapatra D M, Karthick B. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2009, 48(19): 8769-8788
[86] Liu X, Curtiss R. PNAS, 2009, 106(51): 21550-21554
[87] Xu L, Brilman D W F, Withag J A M, Brem G, Kersten S. Bioresour. Technol., 2011, 102(8): 5113-5122
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脚注
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(No.21076177, 21106130)和浙江省自然科学基金项目(No.Y4100222)资助
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