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化学进展 2012, Vol. 24 Issue (07): 1229-1235 前一篇   后一篇

• 传承与创新 •

黄鸣龙——我国有机化学的一位先驱

韩广甸1, 金善炜2, 吴毓林*2   

  1. 1. 中国医学科学院药物研究所 北京 100050;
    2. 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 上海 200032
  • 收稿日期:2012-04-01 修回日期:2012-05-01 出版日期:2012-07-24 发布日期:2012-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 吴毓林 E-mail:ylwu@sioc.ac.cn
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Huang-Minlon (Huang Ming-Long) —— A Pioneer of Organic Chemistry in China

Han Guangdian1, Jin Shanwei2, Wu Yulin2   

  1. 1. Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China;
    2. Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
  • Received:2012-04-01 Revised:2012-05-01 Online:2012-07-24 Published:2012-06-30
黄鸣龙院士(1898-1979)1919年浙江医药专科学校毕业,1924年德国柏林大学有机药物化学博士;1924-1934年任浙江医专教授、主任,卫生署化学部主任;1934-1940年在欧洲先灵公司等从事研究工作;1940年回国在昆明任中研院化学所研究员,兼任西南联大教授;1945年赴美在哈佛大学,默克公司从事研究工作。1952年绕道欧洲回国,先后在中国人民解放军医学科学院化学系和中国科学院上海有机化学研究所任研究员。1955年当选为中国科学院学部委员(院士)。黄先生一生从事有机化学的教育和研究工作,他在有机化学的“结构与机理”以及“反应和合成”二大方面都作出了在国内外具有深远影响的工作。20世纪40年代黄先生发现了变质山道年4个立体异构体的循环转变,堪称立体化学的经典之作;1948年发表了黄鸣龙还原反应;1952年归国后引领和发展了我国的甾体化学研究,带领了我国甾体药物的生产发展,是我国甾体药物工业的奠基人。黄先生治学严谨,既重视应用研究,又强调基础研究;关注学习新知识、新概念,又更重视实验技术。黄先生教书育人,身体力行,是我国有机化学发展的先驱者和奠基人。
关键词： 黄鸣龙, 立体化学, 黄鸣龙还原法, 甾体化学
Professor Huang Minglong (1898-1979) graduated from Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College in 1919.He was awarded the Ph.D degree in Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry in 1924 by the University of Berlin, Germany.From 1924 to 1934, he held positions of professor and then director of department in the Zhejiang Medical College, and director of the Division of Chemistry in the Department of Health. From 1934 to 1940, he was engaged in the research work in the Schering AG and other Institutes, Europe.In 1940, he returned to Kunming, China, and became a researcher in the Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and a part-time professor in the Southwest Associated University.In 1945, he visited the United States, and did researches in Harvard University and then Merck.He took a detour to Europe to return homeland in 1952, and worked as a researcher and the director in the Department of Chemistry of the People's Liberation Army Academy of Medical Sciences, and later in the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry.In 1955, he was elected as Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Huang devoted all his life to the education and research work in organic chemistry, and made world-known contribution in two major areas of organic chemistry with lasting influence——“structure and mechanism” and “reaction and synthesis”.In 1940s, Huang discovered the circulatory transformation of four stereoisomers of desmotroposantonin, which is a classic work in stereochemistry.In 1948, he published the well-known paper about the Huang-Minlon Reduction.After his returning to China in 1952, he introduced and led the researches of steroid chemistry, and started the development and manufacturing of steroid drugs as the founder of the industry in China.Professor Huang consistently pursued rigorous scholarship, emphasizing on both applied and basic researches. He followed closely the development in the field of chemistry, and also paid much attention to laboratorial techniques.Huang was a great educator, being both a mentor and role model to his students.He was recognized as the pioneer and founder of organic chemistry in China.
Key words: Huang-Minlon (Huang Ming-Long), stereochemistry, Huang-Minlon reduction, steroid chemistry

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[1] 黄鸣龙(Huang-Minlon), 周维善(Chow W Z). 药学学报(Acta Pharm. Sin.), 1956, 4: 73-95 该文总结了山道年及其一类物的立体化学, 详细介绍了黄先生十多年来在变质山道年4个立体异构体的循环转变上所作出的贡献, 但由于当时山道年分子中11-位的绝对构型未定, 故文中此位构型有误。
[2] Huang-Minlon. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1948, 70: 611-614
[3] Corey E J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1955, 77: 1044-1045
[4] 黄鸣龙(Huang-Minlon). 红外线光谱与有机化合物分子结构的关系(Correlation between Infrared Spectra and the Molecular Structures of Organic Compounds). 北京: 科学出版社(Beijing: Science Press), 1958
[5] 黄鸣龙(Huang-Minlon). 科学通报(Chinese Science Bulletin), 1959, 4(8): 255
[6] 黄维垣(Huang W Y), 黄鸣龙(Huang-Minlon). 科学通报(Chinese Science Bulletin), 1960, 5(11): 341
[7] 黄鸣龙(Huang-Minlon). 旋光谱在有机化学中的应用(The Application of Optical Rotatory Dispertions in Organic Chemistry). 上海: 上海科学技术出版社(Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers), 1963
[8] 黄鸣龙(Huang-Minlon). 化学通报(Chemistry), 1955, 449-452; 532-535; 660-666; 724-727 在撰写本文时, 我们很高兴地看到了黄先生此件综述的手稿, 稿上conformation暂译为“构形”, 现估计为免于与“构型”混淆, 才在正式发表时改“构象”。
[9] Huang-Minlon. Scientia Sinica, 1961, 10: 711-715 该文为黄先生自己用德文撰写的综述。
[10] 韩广甸(Han G D), 刘宏斌(Liu H B), 韩超(Han C), 马兆扬(Ma Z Y)(Eds.).黄鸣龙还原反应——羰基和含官能团羰基的还原反应(Huang-Minlon Reduction——Reduction of Carbonyl Group and Carbonyl Groups with Other Function Groups).北京: 化学工业出版社(Beijing: Chemical Industry Press), 2011
[11] Huang-Minlon. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1946, 68: 2478-2479
[12] Stang P J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125: 1-8
[13] Quinkert G. Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2004, 3727-3748 该文为纪念Inhoffen写的论文。
[14] 黄鸣龙(Huang-Minlon). 医药学(Medicine), 1951, 4: 247-252
[15] 黄鸣龙(Huang-Minlon). 药学学报(Acta Pharm. Sin.), 1953, 1: 133-140
[16] 黄鸣龙(Huang-Minlon). 药学学报(Acta Pharm. Sin.), 1954, 2: 139-301
[17] 黄鸣龙(Huang-Minlon), 蔡祖恽(Tsai Z Y), 王志勤(Wang Z Q), 周维善(Chow W S), 陈毓群(Chen Y Q), 金善炜(Jin S W), 徐锦文(Xu J W), 仲同生(Zhong T S). 化学学报(Acta Chimica Sinica), 1959, 25: 295-301
[18] 黄鸣龙(Huang-Minlon). 科学通报(Chinese Science Bulletin), 1964, 9(10): 908
[19] 一九六四年北京科学讨论会论文集(Proceeding of Beijing Sciences Symposium), 1964. 79-101
[20] 黄鸣龙(Huang-Minlon), 韩广甸(Han G D), 周维善(Zhou W S). 化学学报(Acta Chimica Sinica), 1959, 25: 427-428
[21] 黄鸣龙(Huang-Minlon). 如何向科学进军(How to March toward Science).上海科联通讯(Bulletin of Shanghai Scientists Association), 1965. 16
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