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化学进展 2012, Vol. 24 Issue (04): 650-658 前一篇   

• 综述与评论 •

铝/水反应可控制氢

马广璐, 庄大为, 戴洪斌, 王平   

  1. 中国科学院金属研究所 沈阳材料科学国家(联合)实验室 沈阳 110016
  • 收稿日期:2011-08-01 修回日期:2011-10-01 出版日期:2012-04-24 发布日期:2012-02-08
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(No.51071155)、辽宁省自然科学基金项目(No.20102231)、国家杰出青年科学基金项目(No.51125003);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(No.2010CB631305)资助

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Controlled Hydrogen Generation by Reaction of Aluminum with Water

Ma Guanglu, Zhuang Dawei, Dai Hongbin, Wang Ping   

  1. Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
  • Received:2011-08-01 Revised:2011-10-01 Online:2012-04-24 Published:2012-02-08
铝是地壳中最富有的金属元素,理论上可100%重复利用。铝/水反应所提供的绿色能源--氢能,很有可能解决人类将面临的能源短缺和环境污染问题。本文介绍了铝/水反应可控制氢的原理、反应机理、制氢方法及制氢装置的最新研究进展,并讨论了研发中需解决的问题。铝/水反应制氢的关键在于破坏或抑制铝表面固有的或原位再生的致密钝化膜。该制氢系统的实际应用需具备快速的反应动力学,而制氢装置的设计应综合考虑反应热的利用、燃料电池产生的水循环利用、燃料盒和膜分离技术的应用,使用回收的废铝将降低其生产成本,实现铝基制氢系统的商业化应用。
关键词： 铝, 制氢, 反应动力学, 制氢装置
Aluminum is the most abundant crustal metallic element on the earth and 100% recycled in theory. Controlled hydrogen generation (HG) by reaction of aluminum with water could provide a renewable energy cycle to address the global energy problem. In this perspective, we present the state of art in the principle, mechanism, approaches, and hydrogen generator of HG from the reaction of aluminum with water, and further discuss some remaining problems in the development of aluminum-based HG system. The key to the HG by the reaction of aluminum with water is how to disrupt/inhibit a native/regeneration coherent and adherent passivation film of aluminum surface. The fast kinetics is desirable in developing the aluminum-based HG system for the practical application. The design of hydrogen generator should focus on the utilization of reaction heat to preheat fuel, the recycle of water from the fuel cell, the fuel cartridges and the process of separation by the membrane. The use of recycled scrap aluminum will provide a reasonable hydrogen cost, thus promoting its commercial applications.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 The principle and mechanism of hydrogen generation from reaction of aluminum with water
3 Approaches of hydrogen generation from reaction of aluminum with water
3.1 Hydroxide promoters
3.2 Oxide/salt promoters
3.3 Aluminum alloying
3.4 Combined hydroxide and oxide/salt promoters
4 Design of hydrogen generator of hydrogen generation of reaction of aluminum with water
5 Cost and recycling of spent fuel of hydrogen generation from reaction of aluminum with water
6 Conclusions and outlook
Key words: aluminum, hydrogen generation, reaction kinetics, hydrogen generator

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摘要

铝/水反应可控制氢