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POSS基树枝状大分子的合成与应用

姚敏, 王嘉骏*, 顾雪萍, 冯连芳   

  1. 浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学系 化学工程联合国家重点实验室 杭州 310027
  • 收稿日期:2011-06-01 修回日期:2011-08-01 出版日期:2012-03-24 发布日期:2011-11-25
  • 通讯作者: 王嘉骏 E-mail:jiajunwang@zju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT0942)和化学工程联合国家重点实验室开放课题项目(No. SKL-ChE-11D01)资助

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Synthesis and Application of Dendrimers Based on Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes

Yao Min, Wang Jiajun*, Gu Xueping, Feng Lianfang   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
  • Received:2011-06-01 Revised:2011-08-01 Online:2012-03-24 Published:2011-11-25
树枝状大分子(dendrimer)是一种高度支化、纳米尺度的人工合成大分子,具有独特的物理化学性能和重要的应用前景。利用具有8个可官能化顶点的多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)作为树枝状大分子的核心,可在一定程度上简化树枝状大分子繁琐的合成与分离过程,在低代数时就可获得较大的表面官能团密度,并使树枝状分子呈现球形对称结构。POSS基树枝状大分子结合了POSS和树枝状分子结构与性能的优势,是一类极具潜力的有机-无机纳米杂化材料。本文综述了近年来POSS基树枝状大分子的最新研究成果,介绍了具有代表性的POSS基树枝状大分子的合成方法以及它们在催化剂、生物材料、液晶材料和发光材料等领域的应用研究进展,并对该新型材料的发展趋势做了展望。
关键词： 多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷, 树枝状大分子, 纳米杂化材料
Dendrimer is one type of macromolecules with well-defined, highly-branched and nano-scaled architectures, composed of three distinct domains: core, branches and terminal groups. Its potential functions and applications are explored based on the unique physical and chemical features due to special molecular architecture. Using polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) as the core of dendrimers is an effective and facile way to simplify the tedious repetitive steps of preparation and separation. Since POSS allows eight branches to radiate from a silicon-oxygen rigid cubic core, the dendrimers can be constructed in a well-controlled globular, three-dimensional framework, and large numbers of peripheral groups can be obtained at relatively low generation numbers. As a kind of novel nano-hybrid supermolecules, POSS-based dendrimers have attracted considerable interest in materials science. In this review, we briefly introduce the synthetic approaches of some typical POSS-based dendrimers categorized by the different chemical composition of branching units, and then focus on the potential functions and applications of this nano-hybrid material in the fields of catalysis, gene and drug delivery, liquid crystals, light harvesting and energy transfer. The specific and excellent properties imparted by the incorporation of POSS into dendrimers are also presented. Finally, the advances of POSS-based dendrimers are prospected. Contents
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis of POSS-based dendrimers
2.1 POSS-carbosilane dendrimers
2.2 POSS-polypeptide dendrimers
2.3 POSS-PAMAM dendrimers
2.4 Other POSS-based dendrimers
3 Applications of POSS-based dendrimers
3.1 Catalyst
3.2 Biomaterials
3.3 Liquid crystals
3.4 Luminescent materials
4 Summary and Prospects
Key words: polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes(POSS), dendrimers, nano-hybrid material Contents

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摘要

POSS基树枝状大分子的合成与应用