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化学进展 2011, Vol. 23 Issue (8): 1627-1643 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

小分子铱配合物及其电致发光

廖章金1,2, 朱彤珺1,2, 密保秀1,2, 高志强1*, 范曲立2, 黄维2*   

  1. 1. 江苏省平板显示与固体照明研究中心 南京邮电大学材料科学与工程学院 南京210046;
    2. 有机电子与信息显示国家重点实验室培育基地 南京邮电大学先进材料研究院(IAM) 南京 210046
  • 收稿日期:2010-10-01 修回日期:2011-02-01 出版日期:2011-08-24 发布日期:2011-07-25
  • 通讯作者: 高志强, 黄维 E-mail:iamzqgao@njupt.edu.cn, iamwhuang@njupt.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(No. 20974046, 61077021, 61076016)、国家重点基础研究计划(973)项目(No. 2009CB930600)、教育部新世纪杰出人才基金项目(No.NCET-08-0697)和江苏省高等教育自然科学基金项目(No.08KJB430011)资助

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Molecular Iridium(Ⅲ) Complexes and Their Corresponding Electrophosphorescent Devices

Liao Zhangjin1,2, Zhu Tongjun1,2, Mi Baoxiu1,2, Gao Zhiqiang1*, Fan Quli2, Huang Wei2*   

  1. 1. Jiangsu Engineering Center for Flat-Panel Displays & Solid-State Lighting, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, China;
    2. Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, China
  • Received:2010-10-01 Revised:2011-02-01 Online:2011-08-24 Published:2011-07-25

由于磷光金属配合物可以同时利用单线态和三线态激子发光,使有机电致发光器件的理论内量子效率达到100%,突破了25%的极限。因而以磷光金属配合物为发光材料制成的器件备受关注。在这些金属配合物中,铱配合物由于具有较强的发光特性、发光波长可调性、较好的热稳定性和电化学稳定性以及能够形成便于蒸镀的中性分子,而成为最有应用潜力的电致磷光材料。本文综述了近几年铱配合物磷光材料在分子设计与合成方法、发光机理及器件构筑等方面的研究进展。特别介绍与讨论了磷光铱配合物的两种发光机理,即基于同配体铱配合物或异配体铱配合物的主配体到中心金属离子的电荷转移三线态(3MLCT)发射和基于异配体铱配合物的辅助配体三线态(3LC)发射。根据反应条件的差异,归纳总结了合成铱配合物常用的4种方法以及合成fac式和mer式的铱配合物的方法。还根据材料的发光颜色及其电致发光的不同,对磷光铱配合物材料进行了分类与讨论。此外,简要介绍了用于器件制作的主体材料。最后,展望了金属有机配合物电致磷光材料的发展前景,并提出了今后磷光材料的发展方向。

关键词： 铱配合物, 有机电致磷光, 合成, 发光机理, 有机发光二极管

Phosphorescent transition-metal complexes have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their ability of harvesting both singlet and triplet exciton in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), theoretically enabling internal quantum efficiency to be 100%, while the up-limitation for fluorescent OLEDs is 25%. Among these materials, iridium complexes are the most promising emitters for OLEDs since they usually have good features of strong luminescence, tunable emission color, good thermal and electrochemical stability, as well as being able to form neutral compounds for vacuum deposition. This article reviews the progress in molecular iridium complexes, focusing on the aspects of material design and synthesis, mechanisms for emission, as well as innovation of materials and their performance in OLED devices. Particularly, after describing the typical device structure for phosphorescent emitter, the dominate emission mechanisms for iridium complexes are discussed in two classes, i.e., main ligand-based metal-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) emission for both homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes, auxiliary ligand intermediated MLCT emission for heteroleptic complexes. For material synthesis, according to the nature of reaction, four commonly used synthetic-routes are summarized. Meanwhile, the facial-and meridional-isomers are discussed. In the material development for OLEDs, categorized into different emission color, materials and their corresponding device performance are summarized and discussed. In addition, the host materials for the above emitters are briefly introduced. Finally, further development for phosphorescent materials is proposed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Basic structures and operating principle of OLEDs
3 Light emitting mechanisms for iridium (Ⅲ) complexes
4 Synthesis of iridium (Ⅲ) complexes
5 Progress in developing iridium (Ⅲ) complexes
5.1 Green phosphorescent iridium (Ⅲ) complexes
5.2 Red phosphorescent iridium (Ⅲ) complexes
5.3 Blue phosphorescent iridium (Ⅲ) complexes
5.4 Other emitting color iridium (Ⅲ) complexes
6 Host materials for iridium (Ⅲ) complexes
7 Conclusions and prospects

Key words: Iridium(Ⅲ) complexes, electrophosphorescence, synthesis, emission mechanism, organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)

中图分类号: 

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摘要

小分子铱配合物及其电致发光