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化学进展 2011, Vol. 23 Issue (7): 1316-1321 前一篇   后一篇

• 放射化学专辑 •

钚及其化合物的理论研究

陈丕恒1, 赖新春1, 汪小琳2,*   

  1. 1. 表面物理与化学重点实验室 绵阳 621907;
    2. 中国工程物理研究院 绵阳 621900
  • 收稿日期:2010-12-01 修回日期:2011-03-01 出版日期:2011-07-24 发布日期:2012-03-15
  • 通讯作者: e-mail:xlwang@caep.ac.cn E-mail:xlwang@caep.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    中国工程物理研究院科学技术发展基金重点项目(No.2008A0301013,2009A0301019)资助

Progress in Theoretical Research of Metallic Plutonium and its Compounds

Chen Piheng1, Lai Xinchun1, Wang Xiaolin2,*   

  1. 1. Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621907, China;
    2. China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
  • Received:2010-12-01 Revised:2011-03-01 Online:2011-07-24 Published:2012-03-15

钚由于其5f电子处于离域和局域的临界位置,其性质易受温度、压力和成键等的影响,导致钚及其化合物呈现出异乎寻常的特性。电子尺度和原子分子尺度的模拟研究有助于深入理解钚及其化合物的基本性质以及与环境气氛的相互作用规律,并有可能揭示若干新的物理机制。本文简要介绍了国内近些年来在钚电子结构计算和原子分子模拟领域中开展的部分基础性工作和研究方向。重点介绍了钚及其化合物或分子的电子结构计算,活性气体在钚及其氧化物表面的吸附行为和钚的自辐照衰变行为。

Plutonium is an element that its 5f electrons are in the transition border between delocalized and localized, and is therefore considered one of the most complex elements. It has six allotropes normally and a seventh under pressure, each of which have very similar energy levels but with significantly varying densities, making it very sensitive to changes in temperature or pressure, and allowing for dramatic volume changes following phase transitions. Moreover, plutonium and its compounds age with time because the plutonium undergoes alpha decay, which leads to self-irradiation inducing structural damage and chemical changes in the materials. The aging properties are driven by a combination of materials composition, processing history, and self-irradiation effects. Understanding these driving forces requires knowledge of both thermodynamic and kinetic properties of these materials. Advances in computer power and simulation techniques have allowed us to simulate the materials behavior on different scales. Recent progress in applications of density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD) and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) to study of the properties of plutonium and its compounds in China has been reviewed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Electronic structure of plutonium and its compounds
2.1 Electronic structure of plutonium
2.2 Electronic structure of plutonium compounds
3 Adsorption of gases on surfaces of plutonium and its oxides
4 Self-radiation damage in plutonium
5 Conclusions and outlook

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摘要

钚及其化合物的理论研究