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化学进展 2011, Vol. 23 Issue (7): 1263-1271 前一篇   后一篇

• 放射化学专辑 •

关于我国核燃料后处理/再循环的一些思考

顾忠茂1, 柴之芳2   

  1. 1. 中国原子能科学研究院 北京 102413;
    2. 中国科学院高能物理研究所 100049
  • 出版日期:2011-07-24 发布日期:2012-03-15
下载PDF ( 2629 ) 引用
导出 被引次数 ( 28 | 13 )

Some Thinking of Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing/Recycling in China

Gu Zhongmao1, Chai Zhifang2   

  1. 1. China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China;
    2. High Energy Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Online:2011-07-24 Published:2012-03-15
本文从核裂变能可持续发展的角度,对基于铀-钚循环的核燃料循环体系中的 “一次通过”循环、热堆闭式循环和快堆闭式循环的特点进行分析和比较,指出“一次通过”循环和热堆闭式循环均不能满足核能可持续发展的战略需要,快堆及核燃料多次循环才是我国核裂变能可持续发展的根本出路;介绍了国际上核燃料后处理/再循环的技术现状和主流发展趋势,指出我国在后处理/再循环技术方面与国际先进水平之间的差距;结合我国国情探讨我国核燃料后处理/再循环技术发展的总体构想和拟采取的技术路线,提出需要突破的关键技术问题和相应的配套措施。
关键词： 核裂变能, 核燃料循环, 一次通过, 热堆闭式循环, 快堆闭式循环, 可持续发展
Based on the uranium-plutonium fuel cycle, the once-through fuel cycle, closed fuel cycle for thermal reactors and closed fuel cycle for fast reactors are analyzed and compared from the view point of sustainable development of nuclear fission energy. It is pointed out that both the once-through fuel cycle and the closed fuel cycle of thermal reactor could not meet the strategic needs of sustainable development of nuclear energy and fast reactor with multi-recycling of nuclear fuel is the best option to develop the nuclear fission energy in a sustainable way. The present status and the major trend of reprocessing/recycling technologies in the world are introduced and the gap between China and the major nuclear energy countries is evaluated. Keeping the domestic situation in mind, we try to explore the general considerations of the development of nuclear fuel reprocessing/recycling technologies in China and the technical options to be taken. The key techniques to be solved and the associated supporting measures are also proposed. Contents
1 Introduction
2 Two options of nuclear fuel cycle-once-through fuel cycle and closed fuel cycle
2.1 Concept of nuclear fuel cycle
2.2 Problems of once-through fuel cycle
2.3 Characteristics of closed fuel cycle for thermal reactors
2.4 Advantages of closed fuel cycle for fast reactors
3 Present status and development trends of reprocessing/recycling technologies at home and abroad
3.1 World status and development trends of reprocessing/recycling technologies
3.2 China’s present status of reprocessing/recycling technologies and the gaps from the world advanced level
4 Preliminary considerations of China’s development strategy of reprocessing/recycling technologies
4.1 Recycle plutonium directly in fast reactors is adaptable in China
4.2 Follow the route of “breeder first, burner second” is adaptable in China
5 Key technologies to be developed for reprocessing/recycling in China
5.1 Reprocessing of spent fuel from thermal reactors
5.2 Reprocessing of spent fuel from fast reactors
6 Conclusions
Key words: nuclear fission energy, nuclear fuel cycle, once-through cycle, closed fuel cycle for thermal reactors, closed fuel cycle for fast reactors, sustainable development

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