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化学进展 2011, Vol. 23 Issue (5): 860-873 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

硫酸化氧化锆固体超强酸

张六一, 韩彩芸, 杜东泉, 张严严, 许思维, 罗永明   

  1. 昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院 昆明 650093
  • 收稿日期:2010-09-01 修回日期:2010-10-01 出版日期:2011-05-24 发布日期:2011-05-04
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(No. 20867003, 51068010)、云南省学术技术后备人才基金项目(No. 2008py010)和昆明理工大学分析测试基金项目(No. 2009-076) 资助

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Sulfated Zirconia--A Superacid

Zhang Liuyi, Han Caiyun, Du Dongquan, Zhang Yanyan, Xu Siwei, Luo Yongming   

  1. Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
  • Received:2010-09-01 Revised:2010-10-01 Online:2011-05-24 Published:2011-05-04

硫酸化氧化锆(SZ)是一种固体超强酸催化剂,它能高效催化异构化、烷化、酰化、环化、裂解、酯化和酯交换等多种类型的催化反应。1979年,日本科学家Hino和Arata发现SZ能在室温催化丁烷异构化反应,首次提出了SZ是一种酸性比100%浓硫酸还强一万倍的固体超强酸,从而引起了科学家们对SZ研究的浓厚兴趣。经过了三十多年发展,研究者们在SZ的合成、改性、表征和应用等方面取得了许多新的研究成果。本文综述了SZ几十年来的研究进展,内容主要包括SZ的合成方法,表面结构和酸性机理,研究者们对SZ性质的不同看法,SZ的改性及应用。

关键词： 硫酸化氧化锆, 固体超强酸, 合成, 改性

Sulfated zirconia (abbreviated to SZ), recognized as a solid superacid discovered by Holm and Bailey, has attracted much attention because of a lot of applications in many areas of chemical industry. It is well documented that SZ has been used to catalyze many chemical reactions, which include isomerization, alkylation, acylation, cyclization, cracking, esterification, transesterification and so on. Hino and Arata reported that sulfated zirconia could effectively catalyze the isomerization of butane at room temperature in 1979, and the high performance of SZ for this reaction has been ascribed to its super acidity. Consequently, sulfated zirconia was regard as a kind of solid superacid for the first time by them. In light of Hammett acidity indicators (H0), the acidity of sulfated zirconia is far stronger (about ten thousand times) than that of 100% sulfuric acid. In this review, the progress of sulfated zirconia in the past three decades was illustrated in detail, which mainly focused on the synthesis routes, surface structure models, modification methods and its application especially in catalytic application. Furthermore, some arguments (involved in surface model, super-acid property and alkane isomerization mechanism) were also pointed out, which might be attributed to the differences originated from the synthesis and characterization methods. At last, the development of sulfated zirconia in the future was outlined in brief.

Key words: sulfated zirconia, solid superacids, synthesis, modification

中图分类号: 

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摘要

硫酸化氧化锆固体超强酸