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化学进展 2011, Vol. 23 Issue (12): 2522-2533 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

无机中空球的分类、合成方法及应用

谢飞1*, 齐美洲1, 李文江1, 王凯1, 于振云2, 刘斌1   

  1. 1. 中国石油大学(华东)理学院 青岛 266555;
    2. 中国石油大学(华东)化学工程学院 青岛 266555
  • 收稿日期:2011-04-01 修回日期:2011-08-01 出版日期:2011-12-24 发布日期:2011-09-29
  • 作者简介:e-mail:xiefei@upc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(No.30672017)、东营科技局科技发展计划(No.T1104002)、绍兴科技计划(No.2009A21071)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(No.12CX04090A)资助

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Classification, Fabrication Methods and Applications of Inorganic Hollow Spheres

Xie Fei1*, Qi Meizhou1, Li Wenjiang1, Wang Kai1, Yu Zhenyun2, Liu Bin1   

  1. 1. College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, China;
    2. College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, China
  • Received:2011-04-01 Revised:2011-08-01 Online:2011-12-24 Published:2011-09-29
中空球是壳层结构材料的一个重要分支。与实心球相比较,中空球具有更多特殊和优异的物理及化学性质,例如具有较小的密度、较大的比表面积以及较好的稳定性和表面渗透性,其中无机中空球较有机中空球还具有耐高温、抗老化等优点。因此,近些年来无机中空球备受人们的关注,广泛应用于催化、电池、医药等众多领域。本文结合本课题组在无机氧化物中空球领域的研究和前人的工作,总结了近5年来制备无机中空球的研究进展。将无机中空球的壳层材料分为五大类,包括:无机氧化物、硫化物及硒化物、金属单质、复合物和其他无机材料。将制备方法分成四大类:硬模板法、软模板法、牺牲模板法和无模板法,对每一大类又进一步细分,并且指出了各种方法的优缺点。同时归纳了无机中空球几个重要的应用领域,如药物、电池、气体传感器和光催化领域。最后在此基础上简要展望了无机中空球的研究前景。
关键词： 无机中空球, 分类, 模板
Hollow sphere is an important branch of the shell structure materials. Compared with solid sphere, the hollow sphere possesses lots of unique and superior physical and chemical properties, such as lower density, higher specific surface areas, better stability and permeability. Among them, inorganic hollow spheres have unique advantages such as high temperature endurance and aging resistance compared with organic hollow spheres. Thus, inorganic hollow spheres have been attracting more attention in recent years, which have been widely applied in numerous fields such as catalysis, batteries and medicine. Based on our previous study in the field of inorganic oxide hollow spheres and the predecessors’ work, the development of fabrication of inorganic hollow spheres in the last five years is reviewed. Here, we divide the materials composing shell of hollow spherical structure into five classifications, including inorganic oxides, sulfides and selenides, metallic elementary substances, composites and other inorganic materials. Meanwhile, the fabrication methods could be grouped into four major categories involving hard template methods, soft template methods, sacrificial template methods and template-free methods, each of those major categories is further subdivided. The advantages and weaknesses of those four categories are also reviewed. Moreover, some important application fields of inorganic hollow spheres are also summarized, such as in the fields of medicine, batteries, gas sensors and photocatalysis. Furthermore, the research foreground of inorganic hollow spheres is prospected briefly. Contents 1 Introduction 2 Classifications of inorganic hollow spheres 2.1 Inorganic oxides as shell 2.2 Sulfides and selenides as shell 2.3 Metallic elementary substances as shell 2.4 Composites as shell 2.5 Other inorganic materials as shell 3 Preparation methods of inorganic hollow spheres 3.1 Hard template methods 3.2 Soft template methods 3.3 Sacrificial template methods 3.4 Template-free methods 4 Application fields of inorganic hollow spheres 4.1 Applications in the field of medicine 4.2 Applications in the field of batteries 4.3 Applications in the field of gas sensors 4.4 Applications in the field of photocatalysis 5 Prospects
Key words: inorganic hollow spheres, classifications, templates

中图分类号: 

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