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Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族半导体纳米晶

陈冰昆, 钟海政, 邹炳锁   

  1. 北京理工大学材料学院 纳米光子学材料与技术实验室 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2011-02-01 修回日期:2011-03-01 出版日期:2011-11-24 发布日期:2011-08-30
  • 通讯作者: 钟海政 E-mail:hzzhong@bit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家重大科学研究计划(973)项目(No.2011CB933600),国家自然科学基金项目(No.51003005)和北京理工大学优秀青年教师资助计划项目(No.2010Y0913)资助

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Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Chen Bingkun, Zhong Haizheng, Zou Bingsuo   

  1. Lab of Nanophotonics Materials and Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2011-02-01 Revised:2011-03-01 Online:2011-11-24 Published:2011-08-30
  • Contact: Haizheng Zhong E-mail:hzzhong@bit.edu.cn

半导体纳米晶是近年来发展起来的一类新型功能材料,因其独特的量子限域效应和光电性质,在太阳电池、发光二极管、光电探测器、生物标记、非线性光学等领域中具有潜在的应用。与目前研究比较多的Ⅱ-Ⅵ和Ⅳ-Ⅵ族纳米晶相比,Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族半导体纳米晶,不含镉和铅等重金属元素,具有毒性小、带隙窄、光吸收系数大、Stokes位移大、自吸收小以及发光波长在近红外区等特点,有望成为新一代低成本太阳电池和低毒荧光量子点生物标记材料, 还可用于发光二极管和光电探测等领域。因此,Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族半导体纳米晶的合成、性质及应用研究成为近期纳米晶研究领域的热点之一。本文将综述Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族半导体纳米晶的研究进展,着重介绍其制备方法、光学性质及其在生物标记、太阳电池等领域的应用。

关键词： 半导体, 纳米晶, Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族, 荧光, 太阳电池, 生物标记

Semiconductor nanocrystals have received considerable attention due to their size-tunable spectroscopic properties and their applications in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetector, biolabeling and nonlinear optical devices. Among various materials, nanocrystals of Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ compounds (CuInS2, AgInS2,CuInSe2 and CuInxGa1-xSe2, etc.) have been treated as not only alternative low toxic luminescent materials for bio-imaging, and light-emitting diodes, but also suitable ink materials for solution process solar cells due to their unique properties such as tunable bandgaps, high absorption coefficient, large Stokes shifts. Recently, synthesis of Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ nanocrystals has been extensively studied, resulting in various methods including precursor decomposition, hot injection and solvothermal methods. The developments of synthetic chemistry also provide high quality materials with controlled size, shape and compositions. This opens up the possibility to investigate their optical properties and explore their functional applications. The physical properties, especially their photoluminescence and electrochemical properties have been investigated to elucidate their size-dependent quantum confinement. Several specific characteristics were observed and demonstrated, providing important information for their applications. Recent works also reported several initial results of functionalization and devices applications, which are promising for future study. In this review, we provide an in-depth discussion of current progress and problems of colloidal Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ semiconductor nanocrystals with an emphasis on the developing Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ nanocrystals such as materials preparations, spectroscopic study and application explorations.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Synthetic chemistry
2.1 Synthetic methods
2.2 Phase control
2.3 Composition control
2.4 Core/shell nanocrystals
3 Quantum-confinement effects and optical properties
3.1 Size-dependent quantum confinement effects
3.2 Optical properties
4 Applications
4.1 Biolabeling and biosensing
4.2 Opt-electronic devices
5 Summary and perspective

Key words: semiconductor, nanocrystals, Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ, photoluminescence, solar cells, bio-labeling

中图分类号: 

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摘要

Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族半导体纳米晶