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化学进展 2011, Vol. 23 Issue (0203): 540-547 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

高比能锂硫电池关键材料的研究

王维坤*, 余仲宝, 苑克国, 王安邦, 杨裕生   

  1. 防化研究院军用化学电源研究与发展中心 北京 100191
  • 收稿日期:2010-10-01 修回日期:2010-11-01 出版日期:2011-03-24 发布日期:2011-01-26
  • 通讯作者: e-mail:wangweikun2002@163.com E-mail:wangweikun2002@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家高技术发展计划(863)项目(No. 2007AA03Z223)资助

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导出 被引次数 ( 59 | 18 )

Key Materials of High Energy Lithium Sulfur Batteries

Wang Weikun*, Yu Zhongbao, Yuan Keguo, Wang Anbang, Yang Yusheng   

  1. Research and Development Center of Military Power Sources, Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2010-10-01 Revised:2010-11-01 Online:2011-03-24 Published:2011-01-26

锂硫电池具有突出的高比能量优势和原料廉价、环境友好等优点,有望成为新一代高能电池体系,但循环性能差是制约其实用化的主要障碍。本文介绍了锂硫电池的国内外发展水平,综述了锂硫电池在正极材料、电解质、负极及体系方面的重要进展,并着重介绍了防化研究院近5年在这一领域的主要成果:制备了硫化导电高分子材料和介孔炭/硫复合材料两类正极材料,提高了硫的利用率和循环性能,其中后者在提高硫含量上更有优势;开发了高性能黏合剂明胶并设计了多孔正极;探索了适宜的电解液组成;研究了锂负极在锂硫电池特殊环境中的界面特性;集成上述技术,研制出比能量达300Wh/kg以上,100%DOD放电循环100次后容量保持率接近60%的锂硫软包装电池。展望了锂硫电池的研究方向。

关键词： 锂硫电池, 正极材料, 电解质, 锂负极, 黏合剂

Lithium sulfur battery is a promising energy storage system due to its high specific energy density, low cost and environmental friendliness. But poor cycle performance has hindered its practical application.In this paper, the developing levels of lithium sulfur battery are introduced concisely. The important progress on the cathode materials, electrolytes, lithium anode and new battery composition of this battery system are reviewed. Furthermore, some investigation results in recent 5 years in this field of Chemical Defense Institute are mainly introduced. Firstly, two kinds of cathode materials, conducting polymer sulfides and mesoporous carbon/sulfur composites were prepared which improved the sulfur utilization and cycle performance. Compared with conducting polymer sulfides, mesoporous carbon/sulfur composites can embody more sulfur, so were preferable to high energy batteries. Secondly, an electrochemically stable binder, gelatin binder also functioned as a highly adhesive agent and an effective disperser was applied in lithium sulfur batteries. A novel porous sulfur cathode with the gelatin binder was prepared by using a freeze-drying mathod. Thirdly, a suitable electrolyte composition were investigated. Fourthly, the interface performance of lithium anode in lithium sulfur battery were studied. Integrating these technologies, the prototype polymer battery was assembled. It presented the energy density of more than 300Wh/kg, and showed about 60% remaining capacity after 100 cycles at 100% DOD. Finally, the prospects of the future research on lithium sulfur batteries are proposed.

Key words: lithium sulfur batteries, cathode materials, electrolytes, lithium anode, binder

中图分类号: 

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高比能锂硫电池关键材料的研究