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化学进展 2010, Vol. 22 Issue (12): 2388-2396 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

蛋白质高分子结合体

何乃普, 何玉凤, 王荣民, 宋鹏飞, 周云   

  1. 西北师范大学化学化工学院 生态环境相关高分子材料教育部重点实验室 甘肃省高分子材料 重点实验室 兰州 730070
  • 出版日期:2010-12-24 发布日期:2010-11-04
  • 作者简介:e-mail:wangrm@nwnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划和国家自然科学基金项目(No.20964002,20274034)资助

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Protein Polymer Conjugates

He Naipu, He Yufeng, Wang Rongmin, Song Pengfei, Zhou Yun   

  1. Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • Online:2010-12-24 Published:2010-11-04

蛋白质高分子结合体是蛋白质与高分子化合物以特定位置或方式结合的产物。其中,蛋白质(包括酶和多肽)分子中氨基酸残基上的氨基、巯基和羧基是常用的结合位点。本文主要对蛋白质高分子结合体的制备方法进行了综述。聚乙二醇是合成高分子中能够有效改善蛋白质性能的修饰剂,而多糖则是用于制备蛋白质高分子结合体较成功的天然高分子化合物。“点击化学”、活性聚合技术等技术已经被成功应用于蛋白质高分子结合体的制备。某些具有特异结合功能基团的化合物(如金属卟啉、生物素等)与高分子共价结合后也可制备蛋白质高分子结合体。在研究蛋白质高分子结合体制备方法的基础上,近年来开始了这类大分子的自组装行为研究,尤其是对巨型双亲性分子自组装行为的研究,这为设计和构筑先进功能材料提供了新的思路。与高分子化合物的结合是改善蛋白质性能和拓宽蛋白质应用范围的重要技术之一。蛋白质高分子结合体不但可用于生物医药领域,而且在纳米技术和材料科学等领域具有潜在的优势。

关键词： 蛋白质高分子结合体, 蛋白质化学修饰, 自组装, 活性自由基聚合, 点击化学

Protein polymer conjugates are the products of proteins conjugating polymers via specific sites or manners. Amino groups, carboxyl groups and thiol groups of amino acid residues on proteins, which include enzymes and peptides, are typically modified sites. This review describes recent progress in preparing protein polymer conjugates. Polyethylene glycol is one of the successfully synthetic polymers in improving the performance of proteins. Polysaccharides are one of the most successful natural polymers. Modern chemical synthesis strategies, such as  "click chemistry"  and living radical polymerization, have been recently applied in preparing protein polymer conjugates. Some functional compounds with specific functional groups, such as metalloporphyrin and vitamin, can be bound to proteins. Then, they are conjugated with synthetic or natural polymers. Based on progress in preparing protein polymer conjugates, self-assembly behaviors of these macromolecules have been investigated in recent years. Especially, self-assembly behaviors of giant amphiphile have gained increased attention. Therefore, studies on self-assembly behaviors of protein conjugates offered a new strategy for designing and fabricating advanced functional materials. The conjugation of proteins with polymers is an important technology to improve the performance of proteins and broaden applications range of proteins. These macromolecules could be applied in the field of biomedicine and shows potential in many other areas, such as nanotechnology, materials science and so on.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Polymer modifiers
2.1 Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
2.2 Polysaccharides
3 Strategies of fabricating protein polymer conjugates
3.1 Classical methods
3.2 Living radical polymerization(LRP)
3.3 Specific binding of polymers and proteins
4 Self-assembly of protein polymer conjugates
5 Summary

Key words: protein polymer conjugates, chemical modification of proteins, self-assembly, living radical polymerization, click chemistry

中图分类号: 

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摘要

蛋白质高分子结合体