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化学进展 2010, Vol. 22 Issue (05): 812-821 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

正渗透原理及浓差极化现象

李刚1; 李雪梅1**; 柳越1; 王铎2; 何涛1**; 高从堦2   

  1. (1. 南京工业大学化学化工学院     材料化学工程国家重点实验室   南京  210009; 2. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院    青岛  266003)
  • 收稿日期:2009-08-11 修回日期:2009-09-09 出版日期:2010-05-24 发布日期:2010-05-05
  • 通讯作者: 李雪梅;何涛 E-mail:xuemeili@njut.edu.cn; taohe@njut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家重面向应用过程的膜材料设计与制备基础研究

Forward Osmosis and Concentration Polarization

Li Gang1; Li Xuemei1**; Liu Yue1; Wang Duo2; He Tao1**; Gao Congjie2   

  1. (1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Lab of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China; 2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
  • Received:2009-08-11 Revised:2009-09-09 Online:2010-05-24 Published:2010-05-05
  • Contact: Li Xuemei;He Tao E-mail:xuemeili@njut.edu.cn; taohe@njut.edu.cn

本文介绍了正渗透的基本原理,减压渗透在能源转化中的工作原理,并与反渗透进行了比较。阐述了正渗透实际的膜性能远低于预期的现象,以及造成该现象的理论基础。详细描述了非对称膜的浓差极化模型,指出了避免外浓差极化的方法;从膜材料的结构设计角度总结出了减弱内浓差极化的途径,从而为正渗透膜材料的制备和应用提供了理论基础。

The basis of forward osmosis as well as the principal of pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) are introduced and compared with reverse osmosis (RO). The phenomenon that the nominal permeability in FO is far below theoretical permeability are described. The models describing the concentration polarization is asymmetric membranes are summarized. Several methods are proposed to diminish the external concentration polarization. Approaches to attenuate the internal concentration polarization based on the structure design of membrane materials are presented. The review provides a theoretical basis for preparation and application of FO membrane materials.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Basic principle of forward osmosis
3 The phenomenon of concentration polarization
3.1 External concentration polarization
3.2 Internal concentration polarization
3.3 Modeling concentration polarization
4 Summary

中图分类号: 

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摘要

正渗透原理及浓差极化现象