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化学进展 2009, Vol. 21 Issue (6): 1141-1148 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

碳氢表面活性剂在超临界CO2中形成微乳液的研究进展*

卫俊杰;苏宝根**;邢华斌;张海;杨启炜;任其龙   

  1. （浙江大学二次资源化工国家专业实验室   |杭州 310027）
  • 收稿日期:2008-12-24 修回日期:2009-01-15 出版日期:2009-06-24 发布日期:2009-06-16
  • 通讯作者: 苏宝根 E-mail:subg@zju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金

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Progress in Supercritical CO2 Microemulsions with Hydrocarbon Surfactants

Wei Junjie; |Su Baogen**; |Xing Huabin; |Zhang Hai |Yang Qiwei |Ren Qilong   

  1. (National Laboratory of Secondary Resources Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China)
  • Received:2008-12-24 Revised:2009-01-15 Online:2009-06-24 Published:2009-06-16
  • Contact: Su Baogen E-mail:subg@zju.edu.cn

在超临界CO2中形成微乳液可以克服CO2对高分子量和亲水性物质溶解能力差的缺点。碳氢表面活性剂成本低，对环境友好，利用碳氢表面活性剂形成超临界CO2微乳液有利于工业应用，但绝大部分碳氢表面活性剂不能形成微乳液，所以需要对碳氢表面活性剂进行选择和设计。本文介绍了微乳液的形成、表征和评价，从表面活性剂的亲CO2性能和界面活性两方面，综述了碳氢表面活性剂的设计思想和进展。另外介绍了助表面活性剂对形成超临界CO2微乳液的作用，并对常规碳氢表面活性剂在助表面活性剂的作用下形成超临界CO2微乳液的体系进行了综述。最后，介绍了含碳氢表面活性剂的混合表面活性剂在形成超临界CO2微乳液方面的研究情况。

关键词： 超临界CO2, 微乳液, 碳氢表面活性剂, 助表面活性剂

Supercritical CO2 (sc-CO2) is an attractive alternative to conventional solvents. Unfortunately, it is a poor solvent for high molecular weight and hydrophilic substances. One potential way to solve this problem is to solubilize these insoluble substances within microemulsions in sc-CO2. Hydrocarbon surfactants are very favorable to form microemulsions for industrial applications, as they are far less expensive and less toxic than fluorinated surfactants. A great many works have indicated that common hydrocarbon surfactants generally can not form microemulsions in sc-CO2, so the structure design of surfactants becomes necessary. In this work, the methods are introduced to study the formation, determination and evaluation of microemulsions in sc-CO2. The principles of designing hydrocarbon surfactants are reviewed, especially those based on the CO2-philic characteristic and the surface activity of surfactants. The effects of cosurfactants on the formation of microemulsions in sc-CO2 are described and the sc-CO2 microemulsions formed by common hydrocarbon surfactants with cosurfactants are reviewed. Finally, the effects of mixed surfactant, especially the hydrocarbon surfactants, on the formation of microemulsions in sc-CO2 are introduced.

Contents
1 Formation, determination and evaluation of microemulsions
2 Design and choice of hydrocarbon surfactants
2.1 Choice of commercial hydrocarbon surfactants
2.2 Design of hydrocarbon surfactants
3 Effects of cosurfactants
4 Effects of mixed surfactants
5 Conclusion and prospective

Key words: supercritical CO2, micromulsion, hydrocarbon surfactants, cosurfactants

中图分类号: 

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