English
往期目录
新闻公告
More
化学进展 2009, Vol. 21 Issue (0708): 1583-1591 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

表面活性剂从碱性氰化液中萃取金*

杨项军1;陈景1**;谢琦莹1;吴瑾光2   

  1. （1. 云南大学化学科学与工程学院  |昆明  |650091；2. 北京大学化学与分子工程学院  |北京  |100871 ）
  • 收稿日期:2008-08-25 修回日期:2008-10-19 出版日期:2009-08-24 发布日期:2009-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 陈景 E-mail:gnft@ynu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家资助（No. 2006AA06Z127）;国家自然科学基金

下载PDF ( 1669 ) 引用
导出

Solvent Extraction of Gold from Alkaline Aurocyanide Solutions by Cationic Surfactants

Yang Xiangjun1 ; Chen Jing1** ; Xie Qiying1; |Wu Jinguang2   

  1. (1 School of Chemical Science and Technology, Kunming 650091, China; |2 College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)
  • Received:2008-08-25 Revised:2008-10-19 Online:2009-08-24 Published:2009-06-30
  • Contact: Chen Jing E-mail:gnft@ynu.edu.cn

溶剂萃取法从碱性氰化液中提取金的工艺相对于传统锌置换法和活性炭吸附法具有潜在的优势，因而倍受青睐。本文综述了近几年来从碱性氰化液中溶剂萃取金的研究进展。文中对表面活性剂/改性剂萃取Au(I)的机理、萃取及反萃取行为进行了总结，报道了表面活性剂种类、改性剂种类、稀释剂以及盐析剂等各种因素对萃取过程的影响。同时，在萃取机理方面，提出一种基于氢键的超分子萃合物模型，在反萃取方面，介绍了阴离子交换法、转化还原法及直接电解有机相3种方法。

关键词： 溶剂萃取, 表面活性剂, KAu(CN)2, 反萃取

Gold solvent extraction from alkaline aurocyanide solutions has more potential advantages over present zinc-dust cementation and carbon-adsorption procedures. Reviewed in this paper are some recent advances on the solvent extraction of gold recovery from the alkaline cyanide solutions. The extraction mechanism, extraction and stripping behaviors of the new surfactant/modifier gold extraction system are reported. Many parameters, such as different cationic surfactants, modifiers, diluents and inorganic salts in aqueous phase on the extraction of gold are investigated. An extracting species model of supramolecular structure based on the formation of hydrogen bonds between Au(CN)2- and modifier is proposed to explain the reaction mechanism of the new extraction system. The stripping gold from the loaded surfactant/modifier organic phase could be efficiently obtained by the methods of anion exchange, conversion followed by reduction and biphase electrowinning. The gold extraction approach suggested in the present paper provides a promising technique for gold recovery from alkaline aurocyanide solutions in industry.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Gold extraction mechanisms of the cationic surfactant/modifier extraction system
2.1 The equilibrium equation of the extraction reaction
2.2 Spectroscopy research on the gold loaded surfactant/modifier organic phase
2.3 Proposal for the microstructure model of extracting species based on hydrogen bonding in the organic phase
2.4 Gold solvent extraction using alcohol derivatives as modifier
3 The influential factors on gold extraction
3.1 Effect of different cationic surfactants on gold extraction
3.2 Effect of different modifiers on gold extraction
3.3 Effect of different diluents on gold extraction
3.4 Effect of inorganic salts in aqueous phase on gold extraction
4 Stripping of gold from the loaded organic phase
4.1 Gold stripping by the method of anion exchange
4.2 Gold stripping by the method of conversion followed by reduction
4.3 Gold stripping by the method of biphase electrowinning
5 The pilot gold extraction experiments
6 Conclusions

Key words: solvent extraction, cationic surfactants, KAu(CN)2, stripping

中图分类号: 

()

[ 1 ] 　Mooiman M B , Miller J D , Maribel M. Proceedings of the International Solvent Extraction Conference ( ISEC) . New York :AIChE , 1983. 530 —531
[ 2 ] 　Mooiman M B , Miller J D. Hydrometallurgy , 1986 , 16 : 245 —261
[ 3 ] 　Adams M D. Minerals Engineering , 2003 , 16 : 369 —373
[ 4 ] 　Caravaca C , Alguacil F J . Hydrometallurgy , 1996 , 36 : 369 —384
[ 5 ] 　Jiang J Z, He Y F , Gao H C , Wu J G. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange , 2005 , 23 : 113 —129
[ 6 ] 　Shivrin GN. Tsvet Metals , 1966 , 39 : 19
[ 7 ] 　Sastre A M, Madi A , Cortina J L , et al . Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology , 1999 , 74 : 310 —314
[ 8 ] 　Mooiman M B. Precious Metal , 1993 , 17 : 411 —434
[ 9 ] 　Miller J D , Mooiman M B. Separation Science and Technology ,1984P1985 , 19 (11P12) : 895 —909
[10 ] 　邹林华(Zou L H) , 陈景(Chen J ) . 贵金属( Precious Metal ) ,1996 , 16 : 61 —67
[11 ] 　张丽霞(Zhang L X) . 湿法冶金(Hydrometallurgy of China) ,1997 ,64 (4) : 11 —20
[12 ] 　Ma G, Yan W F , Chen J , et al . Progress in Natural Science , 2000 ,10 (12) : 881 —886
[13 ] 　Riverous P A. Hydrometallurgy , 1990 , 24 : 135 —156
[14 ] 　Chen J , Huang K. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Hydrometallurgy ( ICHM’98) , Kunming : International Academic Publishers , 1998. 3 —11
[15 ] 　陈景(Chen J ) , 朱利亚( Zhu L Y) , 潘学军( Pan X J ) 等. CN1097637C , 1996
[16 ] 　Chen J , Huang K, Yu J M, et al . Trans. Nonferrous Met . Soc.China , 2005 , 15 (1) : 153 —159
[17 ] 　Ma G, Yan W F , Wu J G, et al . Science in China Series B-Chemistry , 2000 , 43 (2) :169 —177
[18 ] 　姜健准(Jiang J Z) , 周维金(Zhou WJ ) , 高宏成( Gao H C) 等.高等学校化学学报(Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities) ,2002 , 23 (12) : 2230 —2233
[19 ] 　闫文飞(Yan W F) , 马刚(Ma G) , 严纯华(Yan C H) 等. 光谱学与光谱分析(Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis) , 1999 , 19 (6) :806 —810
[20 ] 　Zhou N F , Li Q , Wu J G, et al . Langmuir , 2001 , 17 : 4505 —4509
[21 ] 　Pan XJ , Chen J . Rare Metals , 1999 , 18 (2) : 88 —96
[22 ] 　闫文飞(Yan W F) , 马刚(Ma G) , 周维金(Zhou WJ ) 等. 无机化学学报(Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry) . 2000 , 16 (2) :261 —266
[23 ] 　李楷中(Li K Z) , 陈景(Chen J ) , 黄昆(Huang K) 等. 贵金属(Precious Metals) , 2000 , 21 (3) : 31
[24 ] 　Jiang J Z, Zhou WJ , Gao H C , et al . Hydrometallurgy , 2003 , 70 :73 —81
[25 ] 　Ma G, Yan W F , Hu T D , et al . Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. ,1999 , 1 : 5215 —5221
[26 ] 　高宏成(Gao H C) , 闫文飞(Yan W F) , 马刚(Ma G) 等. 中国化学会2000 年学术会议论文集( Proceedings of CCS Congress 2000) . 北京(Beijing) : 中国化学会(Chinese Chemical Society) ,2000. 203 —204
[27 ] 　Jiang J Z, Wang X Y, Gao H C , et al . Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. ,2002 , 4 : 4489 —4494
[28 ] 　闫文飞(Yan W F) , 马刚(Ma G) , 吴瑾光(Wu J G) 等. 北京大学学报(自然科学版) (Acta Peking University: Natural Science) ,2000 , 36 (4) : 461 —466
[29 ] 　姜健准(Jiang J Z) , 高宏成(Gao H C) . 北京大学博士学位论文(Doctoral Disertation of Peking University) , 2003
[30 ] 　Zhang T X, Huang B G, Wu J G, et al . Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering , 2002 , 10 (1) : 33 —38
[31 ] 　Mooiman M B ,Miller J D. Hydrometallurgy , 1991 , 27 (1) :29 —46
[32 ] 　杨项军(Yang X J ) , 陈景(Chen J ) , 吴瑾光(Wu J G) 等. 中国有色金属学报(The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metal) ,2002 , 12(6) : 1309 —1312
[33 ] 　余建民(Yu J M) , 李奇伟(Li Q W) , 陈景(Chen J ) . 贵金属(Precious Metal) , 2001 , 22 (1) : 30 —32
[34 ] 　黄昆(Huang K) , 陈景(Chen J ) , 吴瑾光(Wu J G) 等. 中国有色金属学报( The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metal ) , 2001 , 11(2) : 307 —311
[35 ] 　黄昆(Huang K) , 陈景(Chen J ) , 崔宁(Cui N) 等. 中国有色金属学报(The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metal) , 2001 , 11 (3) :518 —521
[36 ] 　Demopoulos G P. Journal of Metals , 1985 , 37 (7) : 46 —52
[37 ] 　Ma G, Yan W F , Chen J , et al . Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange , 2000 , 18 (6) : 1179 —1187
[38 ] 　Zhang T X, Huang B G, Wu J G, et al . Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology , 2001 , 76 : 1107 —1111
[39 ] 　姜健准(Jiang J Z) , 周维金(Zhou W J ) , 高宏成( Gao H C) 等.北京大学学报(自然科学版) (Acta Peking University: Natural Science) , 2002 , 38 (4) : 453 —457
[40 ] 　杨项军(Yang X J ) , 陈景(Chen J ) , 姜健准(Jiang J Z) 等. 贵金属(Precious Metal) , 2002 , 23 (3) : 8 —12
[41 ] 　Yang X J , Huang K, Chen J , et al . Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange , 2008 , 26 (5) : 556 —559
[42 ] 　Zhu P , Gu GB. Rare Metals , 2006 , 5 (1) : 1 —6
[43 ] 　Wan R Y, Miller J D. Journal of Metals , 1986 , 38 (12) : 35 —40
[44 ] 　周维金(Zhou WJ ) , 陶家洵(Tao J X) , 李维红(Li W H) . 高等学校化学学报(Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities) , 2004 ,25 (6) : 991 —996
[45 ] 　周维金(Zhou WJ ) , 周勇(Zhou Y) , 张天喜(Zhang T X) 等. CN1153850C , 2001
[46 ] 　Yang X J , Huang K, Chen J , et al . Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange , 2007 , 25 : 299 —312
[1] 尹晓庆, 陈玮豪, 邓博苑, 张佳路, 刘婉琪, 彭开铭. 超润湿膜在乳化液破乳中的应用及作用机制[J]. 化学进展, 2022, 34(3): 580-592.
[2] 刘宁, 刘水林, 伍素云, 付琳, 吴智, 李来丙. 金属基介孔固体碱催化剂的制备与应用[J]. 化学进展, 2020, 32(5): 536-547.
[3] 赵剑曦, 顾攀攀, 曾慧, 邓生禄. 表面活性剂在非极性有机溶剂中的自组装[J]. 化学进展, 2019, 31(5): 643-653.
[4] 冯盛, 杨芳, 刘梦瑶, 范红显, 徐念. 抗癌药物多烯紫杉醇载体[J]. 化学进展, 2019, 31(2/3): 368-380.
[5] 赵剑曦. 表面活性剂在非极性有机溶剂中的复杂反相聚集体[J]. 化学进展, 2015, 27(2/3): 168-173.
[6] 周妍, 赵雪冰, 刘德华. 非离子型表面活性剂对木质纤维素酶催化水解的影响及机理[J]. 化学进展, 2015, 27(11): 1555-1565.
[7] 张文彬, 王晓曼, 王晓威, 刘栋, 韩帅元, 程正迪. 基于分子纳米粒子的巨型分子[J]. 化学进展, 2015, 27(10): 1333-1342.
[8] 赵剑曦. Gemini表面活性剂：联接链在自组织中的作用及意义[J]. 化学进展, 2014, 26(08): 1339-1351.
[9] 陈景飞, 郝京诚. 表面活性剂溶液行为的粗粒化模拟[J]. 化学进展, 2012, (10): 1890-1896.
[10] 赵学艳, 郑利强, 曹桂荣, 肖瑞杰. 离子液体参与构建的胶束[J]. 化学进展, 2012, 24(05): 686-695.
[11] 赵剑曦, 谢丹华. 阴离子蠕虫胶束[J]. 化学进展, 2012, 24(04): 456-462.
[12] 孟雅莉, 李臻, 陈静, 夏春谷. 离子液体微乳液体系的应用研究[J]. 化学进展, 2011, 23(12): 2442-2456.
[13] 张永民, 郭赞如, 张继超, 冯玉军, 王碧清, 王九霞. 智能型蠕虫状胶束体系[J]. 化学进展, 2011, 23(10): 2012-2020.
[14] 王九霞 苏鑫 Philip G. Jessop 冯玉军. CO2开关型溶剂、溶质及表面活性剂*[J]. 化学进展, 2010, 22(11): 2099-2105.
[15] 吕志卿 吴连斌 蒋剑雄 陈遒. 桥联型有机-杂化介孔材料（PMOs）[J]. 化学进展, 2010, 22(06): 1152-1160.