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化学进展 2009, Vol. 21 Issue (0203): 514-523 前一篇   后一篇

• 环境化学专辑 •

环境污染物的自由溶解态浓度与生物有效性*

胡霞林1,2;刘景富1**;卢士燕1;江桂斌1   

  1. (1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室　北京100085 ; 2. 同济大学环境科学与工程学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室　上海200092)
  • 收稿日期:2008-11-04 出版日期:2009-03-24 发布日期:2009-04-03
  • 通讯作者: 刘景富 E-mail:jfliu@rcees.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家863项目（2007AA06Z413）；自然科学基金资助项目(20877082;20621703)；同济大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室青年项目(PCRRY08012)

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Freely Dissolved Concentration and Bioavailability of Environmental Pollutants

Hu Xialin1,2; Liu Jingfu1**; Lu Shiyan1; Jiang Guibin1   

  1. (1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China ; 2. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse , College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China)
  • Received:2008-11-04 Online:2009-03-24 Published:2009-04-03
  • Contact: Liu Jingfu E-mail:jfliu@rcees.ac.cn

环境污染物的自由溶解态浓度是反映污染物生物有效性的关键参数。本文从生物可及性以及生物有效性两个方面阐明了生物有效性的内涵，并在区分污染物的“可及性”和“化学活度”（或自由溶解态浓度）的基础上，讨论了生物有效性的量化方法；从基线毒性、生物富集和生物降解3个方面，详细论述了自由溶解态浓度与生物有效性的关系。还介绍了测定自由溶解态浓度的方法，展望了污染物的自由溶解态浓度与生物有效性这一研究领域的发展方向。

关键词： 环境污染物, 生物有效性, 自由溶解态浓度, 化学活度

The freely dissolved concentration of pollutants is a key parameter to interpret its bioavailability. In this review, the scientific meaning of bioavailability is elucidated by the concept of bioaccessibility and bioavailability, and chemical methods for quantifying bioavailability are discussed through differentiating “accessibility” from “chemical activity”. The relationship between freely dissolved concentration and bioavailability is discussed in detail on the aspects of baseline toxicity, bioconcentration and biodegradation. The commonly used methods for measuring freely dissolved concentration are introduced. Finally, the possible developing trends in the research area of freely dissolved concentration and bioavailability are discussed.

Contents
1 Bioavailability
1.1 Definition of bioavailability
1.2 Characterization of bioavailability
1.3 Prediction of bioavailability
2 Freely dissolved concentration and bioavailability
2.1 Definition and significance of freely dissolved concentration
2.2 Freely dissolved concentration and baseline toxicity
2.2.1 Baseline toxicity
2.2.2 Freely dissolved concentration and baseline toxicity in vivo
2.2.3 Freely dissolved concentration and baseline toxicity in vitro
2.2.4 Exposure concentration and baseline toxicity
2.3 Freely dissolved concentration and bioconcentration
2.4 Freely dissolved concentration and biodegradation
3 Methods for determination of freely dissolved concentration
3.1 Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT)
3.2 Semipermeable membrane device (SPMD)
3.3 Solid-phase microextraction (SPME)
3.4 Liquid-phase microextraction (LPME)
4 Conclusion and perspective

Key words: environmental pollutants, bioavailability, freely dissolved concentration, chemical activity

中图分类号: 

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