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化学进展 2009, Vol. 21 Issue (0203): 436-457 前一篇   后一篇

• 环境化学专辑 •

环境汞污染*

冯新斌1**,仇广乐1;付学吾1;何天容2;李平1;王少锋3   

  1. (1. 中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室 贵阳550002 ; 2. 贵州大学喀斯特环境与地质灾害防治重点实验室 贵阳550003 ; 3. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 沈阳110016)
  • 收稿日期:2008-10-31 出版日期:2009-03-24 发布日期:2009-04-03
  • 通讯作者: 冯新斌 E-mail:fengxinbin@vip.skley.cn
  • 基金资助:

    中科院创新工程

Mercury pollution in the Environment

Feng Xinbin1**; Qiu Guangle1; Fu Xuewu1; He Tianrong2; Li Ping1; Wang Shaofeng3   

  1. (1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry , Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550002 , China ; 2. Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard Prevention , Guizhou University , Guiyang 550003 , China ; 3. Shenyang Insitute of Applied Ecology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China)
  • Received:2008-10-31 Online:2009-03-24 Published:2009-04-03
  • Contact: Feng Xinbin E-mail:fengxinbin@vip.skley.cn

由于特殊的物理化学性质和强的毒性,汞已经成为全球关注的污染物。本文对目前大气汞的来源、汞在大气中的形态分布及在全球大气分布的特点和汞在大气中的迁移转化规律等方面进行了详细地介绍,提出了大气汞研究的展望。评述了近年来水生生态系统汞的生物地球化学循环研究领域的新进展及存在问题,提出了对汞甲基化机理认识的研究要进一步加强的观点。对汞矿开采和混汞法炼金区环境汞污染及对居民健康的危害研究进展进行了详细地评述,指出矿区居民汞暴露的主要途径。最后,本文还总结了目前人体暴露不同形态汞对人体健康影响的最新进展。

Due to special physicochemical property and extreme toxicity, mercury is regarded as a global pollutant. The progress on the emission sources of mercury to the air, the distribution and speciation of mercury in ambient air in the global scale and the transformation of mercury in the troposphere is critically reviewed. We also highlighted the future research needs regarding mercury cycling in the global atmosphere. The new achievements on mercury biogeochemical cycling in aquatic systems are summarized and it is pointed out that more study is urgently needed to scrutinize the mechanism of mercury methylation in aquatic systems. The status of mercury pollution to the local environment and it impacts on human health in mercury mining and gold mining areas are summarized, and the major pathway of mercury exposure to local inhabitants are pointed out. Finally, we summarize the recent progress on the health impacts of people who exposed to different mercury species.

Contents
1 Advances of atmospheric mercury
1.1 Atmospheric mercury sources
1.2 Distribution of mercury species in ammosphere
1.3 Transportation and transformation of mercury species in atmosphere
1.4 Dry and wet deposition of atmospheric mercury
1.5 Summaries and prospect
2 Advances of mercury pollutions in aquatic acosystem
2.1 Sources, sinkes, and distributions of mercury species in water bodies
2.2 Methylation of mercury in water bodies
2.3 Bioaccumulation of mercury by aquatic biota
2.4 Mass balance models of mercury in aquatic acosystem
3 Advances of mercury pollution in mine environment
3.1 Studys of mercury pollution in mine environment
3.2 Distributions of mercury speices in mine environment
3.3 Methylation of mercury in mine environment
3.4 Mercury exposure and health-based risk assessment of mercury in organism in mine environment
4 Study of mercury exposure and health impact on human
4.1 Exposure and health impact of inorganic mercury on human
4.2 Exposure and health impact of methylmercury on human

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摘要

环境汞污染*