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化学进展 2009, Vol. 21 Issue (0203): 377-389 前一篇   后一篇

• 环境化学专辑 •

多氯萘的研究*

郭丽; 巴特; 郑明辉**   

  1. (中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室　北京100085)
  • 收稿日期:2008-11-03 出版日期:2009-03-24 发布日期:2009-04-03
  • 通讯作者: 郑明辉 E-mail:zhengmh@mail.rcees.ac.cn
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Study of Sources and Distribution Characteristics of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes

Guo Li ; Ba Te; Zheng Minghui**   

  1. (State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China)
  • Received:2008-11-03 Online:2009-03-24 Published:2009-04-03
  • Contact: Zheng Minghui E-mail:zhengmh@mail.rcees.ac.cn

多氯萘（polychlorinated naphthalenes, 简称PCNs）是一类理化性质相似的持久性有机污染物，共有75个同类物。从20世纪70年代起，在全球范围内已陆续停止了PCNs的生产和使用，目前环境中PCNs的污染主要来自历史上生产和使用PCNs以及现有废弃物焚烧、金属冶炼及其它类似过程的废气排放。PCNs广泛分布于各类环境介质中，其造成的环境污染已有所显现，PCNs的相关研究成为了近年来环境科学研究的一个热点，PCNs的污染控制已成为一些国家和地区环境管理的新任务。本文重点介绍了PCNs的特性、环境中PCNs的来源、分析检测方法、环境污染水平、环境化学行为与环境归宿。同时还讨论了我国有关PCNs研究的一些初步结果，展望了有关多氯萘的研究发展趋势。

关键词： 多氯萘, 持久性有机污染物, 环境行为, 检测方法

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are ubiquitous contaminants in the global environment. Due to their potential for toxicity, bioaccumulation and persistence similar to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), PCNs have been listed as Additional POPs Candidates to the Stockholm Convention by some countries and international organizations. PCNs were in use as dielectric (insulating) fluids in electrical equipments and as heat-transfer fluids and plasticisers. Stockpiles may still exist. Putting these chemicals under global control could help to ensure their proper disposal. PCNs can be also formed as unintentional produced persistent organic pollutants. PCNs release to the environment from stack gas and solid waste in thermal processes. The character of PCNs, the source identification, analytical methods, environment level, environment transportation and sink are reviewed in this paper. Primary studies on PCNs in China are also mentioned. The trends of research and environmet management countermeasure on PCNs are also discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 The character of PCNs
2.1 Physical-chemical properties of PCNs
2.2 Toxicity and bioaccumulation
3 The sources identification
3.1 The application in the early years
3.2 Incineration and other thermal processes
4 Analytical methods for PCNs
4.1 Sampling and extraction
4.2 Purification
4.3 Instrument analysis
5 The situation of PCNs pollution in the environment
5.1 Atmosphere
5.2 Soil and sediment
5.3 Breast milk, food and other bio-samples
6 Environment transportation and sink
6.1 Degradation
6.2 Migration
6.3 Long-distance transportation
7 Primary studies on PCNs in China
8 Perspective

Key words: PCNs, POPs, environmental behavior, ananlytical methods

中图分类号: 

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摘要

多氯萘的研究*