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化学进展 2009, Vol. 21 Issue (01): 217-226 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

氢解还原法进行环境污染控制*

杨波;余刚**   

  1. (清华大学环境科学与工程系持久性有机污染物研究中心 北京 100084)
  • 收稿日期:2008-03-10 修回日期:2008-05-05 出版日期:2009-01-24 发布日期:2009-01-25
  • 通讯作者: 余刚 E-mail:yg-den@Tsinghua.edu.cn
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Reductive Destruction of Environmental Pollutants by Hydrogenation Process

Yang Bo;Yu Gang**   

  1. (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, POPs Research Centre, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
  • Received:2008-03-10 Revised:2008-05-05 Online:2009-01-24 Published:2009-01-25
  • Contact: Yu Gang E-mail:yg-den@Tsinghua.edu.cn

化学氢解法具有脱卤、脱氮、脱硫、脱芳构化等作用，目前的研究表明该方法对环境中的许多重要污染物都具有还原去除效果，包括卤代化合物、硝基芳香化合物、有机硫化合物、多环芳烃等有机污染物，以及硝酸盐、硫酸盐、氮氧化物、二氧化硫、重金属等无机污染物。为此，本文综述了氢解还原方法降解各类污染物的研究现状，分别介绍了上述各种污染物氢解还原的脱除机理以及影响因素的作用机制，基于绿色化学的要求分析了氢解还原方法的技术优势，从提高氢解效率和节能的角度提出了今后的研究方向。

关键词： 化学氢解, 还原脱除, 环境污染物

The chemical hydrogenation possess the capacity of hydrodehalogenation, hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrodearomatization, which has been used environmentally to remove various typical organic or inorganic pollutants in gas or liquid phase. The pollutants treated by hydrogenation mainly include halogenated organic wastes, nitroarenes, organic sulfur compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrates, sulfates, NOx, SO2, and heavy metal ions. So this review presents the wide scale of the hydrogenation applications in the reductive destruction of environmental pollutants studied mainly within past five years. The destruction principles of the above pollutants by hydrogenation are introduced. The effects of the reaction conditions on the reduction efficiency are discussed such as catalysts and supports, hydrogen donors, and pH. The advantages of the reductive destruction for pollutants by hydrogenation are evaluated on the basis of green chemistry practices. Based on the requirements of industrial application, the research trends for the future are proposed in order to further improve hydrogenation efficiency and energy conservation.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Various hydrogen donors and their hydrogenating mechanisms
3 Removal of various pollutants with hydrogenation methods
3.1 Hydrodehalogenation
3.2 Hydrodenitrification
3.3 Removal of heavy metal ions with hydrogenation
3.4 Hydrodesulfurization
3.5 Hydrodearomatization
4 Conclusions and prospects

Key words: chemical hydrogenation, reductive destruction, environmental pollutants

中图分类号: 

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摘要

氢解还原法进行环境污染控制*