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化学进展 2008, Vol. 20 Issue (10): 1553-1561 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

超临界水气化有机物制氢研究*

晏波1,2 韦朝海2**   

  1. （1. 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 广州 510640; 2. 华南理工大学环境科学与工程学院 广州510006）

  • 收稿日期:2007-11-26 修回日期:2008-01-30 出版日期:2008-10-24 发布日期:2008-10-25
  • 通讯作者: 韦朝海
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Hydrogen Production from Organic Compounds by Supercritical Water Gasification

Yan Bo1,2 Wei Chaohai2**   

  1. (1. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Acadeniy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; 2. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China)
  • Received:2007-11-26 Revised:2008-01-30 Online:2008-10-24 Published:2008-10-25
  • Contact: Wei Chaohai
针对一些有机物的超临界水气化（SCWG）制氢过程，分别概述了模型有机物如葡萄糖、甲醇、纤维素、木质素和真实生物质及有机废物/水的影响因素、中间产物及反应路径；分析了均相催化剂如碱、碱金属盐和非均相催化剂如ZrO2、活性碳、贵金属、过渡金属的催化气化效率及催化机理，并指出非均相催化SCWG过程是SCWG技术的重要发展方向；对SCWG制氢过程热力学进行初步的讨论；简要介绍了目前世界上的3套SCWG制氢中试装置的运行情况，提出SCWG过程工业化应用的难点及未来技术的发展方向。
关键词： 超临界水, 气化, 制氢, 催化
Hydrogen can be obtained from organic compounds by Supercritical Water Gasification (SCWG). In this paper, the influence factors, intermediates and reaction pathway of glucose, methanol, cellulose, lignin, real biomass and organic waste/wastewater by SCWG are summarized. The effect of catalyst such as alkali metals, ZrO2, activated carbon, noble and transition metal on gasification efficiency and gasification mechanism is illustrated and which is suggested that the study of heterogeneous catalytic reaction is very important for the development of SCWG. The thermodynamics of SCWG is analysed, the difficulty for scale-up of SCWG is discussed and three pilot-scale SCWG units in the world are introduced. The research trends in SCWG are proposed.
Key words: supercritical water, gasification, hydrogen production, catalysis

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超临界水气化有机物制氢研究*