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化学进展 2005, Vol. 17 Issue (03): 389-398 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

变换催化剂研究进展*

刘全生**;张前程;马文平;何润霞;寇丽杰;牟占军   

  1. 内蒙古工业大学化工学院 呼和浩特 010062
  • 收稿日期:2004-04-01 修回日期:2004-07-01 出版日期:2005-05-24 发布日期:2005-05-24
  • 通讯作者: 刘全生
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Progress in Water-Gas-Shift Catalysts

Liu Quansheng**;Zhang Qiancheng;Ma Wenping;He Runxia;Kou Lijie;Mou Zhanjun   

  1. Institute of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010062,China
  • Received:2004-04-01 Revised:2004-07-01 Online:2005-05-24 Published:2005-05-24
  • Contact: Liu Quansheng
烃类化合物的水蒸汽重整与水煤气变换反应(简称变换反应)组合是廉价制取氢气的主要方式.经过80多年的研究和实践,工业化的变换催化剂已基本定型.近年来由于燃料电池技术的飞速发展,有关变换催化剂的研究与开发又重新引起人们的兴趣与关注.本文在总结传统变换催化剂研究进展情况的基础上,重点介绍了以燃料电池应用为目的变换催化剂的研究进展.总结表明,"(贵)金属/载体" 型双功能催化剂已经成为变换催化剂的主要研究方向.(贵)金属和载体种类、制备方法和条件等对催化剂粒径分布、体相织构、表面性质和活性等都有很大影响.虽然与传统变换催化剂相比,"(贵)金属/载体" 型双功能变换催化剂体现了更优良的性能,但与燃料电池商业化应用的要求还有一定的差距.
关键词： 变换催化剂, 燃料电池, 制氢, (贵)金属/载体, 稀土氧化物
The reforming of hydrocarbon with water vapor and the water-gas-shift reaction (WGSR) are the traditional and economic technologies for the production of hydrogen. Three classes of WGSR catalysts, e.g. Fe2 O3 -Cr2O3, CuO-ZnO-Al2 O3 and Co-MoO3-Al203, have been commercialized in the world after continuing efforts during the past 80 years. Recent years, the WGSR catalysts have drawn renewed attention due to its appearing/applying in the fuel cell (FC) technology, which is a fast developing topic today. This paper reviews comprehensively the traditional WGSR catalysts and recent progress of the WGSR catalysts used in the FC. It is recommended that the research direction of the WGSR catalysts for the FC should be directed to the bi-functional noble metal/support catalysts. The types of noble metal and support, preparation procedures and conditions affect significantly the catalyst particle size and distribution, bulk texture, surface property and catalyst activity. This paper also points that the current bi-functional noble metal/support WGSR catalysts for the FC cannot meet application requirements now even though they have more advantages than traditional WGSR catalysts used in ammonia plants.
Key words: water-gas-shift catalysts, fuel cells, pure hydrogen production, noble metal/support catalysts, rare earth oxides

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变换催化剂研究进展*