Photoelectrochemical sensing analysis is a rapidly developing new analytical technology in recent years, and the photoelectric active materials are the key to photoelectrochemical sensing detection. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives may be ideal carriers for the construction of photoelectrochemical sensing interfaces by dispersing photoelectrically active substances. Due to the "antenna effect" of organic ligands in MOFs, the metal clusters can be regarded as activated discrete semiconductor quantum dots, giving them photoelectric properties similar to those of semiconductors. The modification of MOFs materials with carbon-based compounds, organic polymers, noble metal nanoparticles, inorganic oxides, quantum dots, and the construction of MOFs-based photoelectrochemical sensing interfaces, can improve the electrical conductivity of MOFs, promote the separation of photogenerated electrons - holes, and thus improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The MOFs based photoelectrochemical sensing interfaces amplify the signal generated by photoelectrochemical sensing, enabling ultra sensitive detection of the target object. Based on these, this paper provides a detailed introduction to the photoelectric activity mechanism, synthesis methods, and strategies for constructing photoelectric activity interfaces of MOFs based materials. The applications of MOFs based materials in photoelectrochemical sensing detection of small molecule compounds, immunoassay, enzyme activity and environmental analysis in recent years are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives in this field are also proposed.